WGU C785 BIOCHEMISTRY FINAL EXAM AND OA
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022/2023 (LATEST
UPDATE)/GRADED A+
What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? (correct answers)amino group
(NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable group
How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged?
(correct answers)Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end with OH, SH,
or NH. Charged - end with a charge
what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make? (correct answers)ionic,
hydrophobic/non-polar, charged
What are the 4 levels of protein structure? (correct answers)Primary - linear structure, Secondary -
Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused by side
chain interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+
subunit
What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? (correct answers)hydrophobic - temperature
change, ionic - salt or decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in pH, disulfide - reducing agents
what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration? (correct answers)hydrophobic bonds
how do environmental changes affect protein folding? (correct answers)Extreme temp can cause
hydrogen bonds to break apart = malformation of protein folding
how do mutations affect protein structure? (correct answers)Can cause structure to change. Protein
loses form = loses function. May form a different protein.
,What is an electron? (correct answers)Negatively charged atom on outer ring for bonding
What is energy: (correct answers)Power derived fro chemical interaction
what are covalent bonds? (correct answers)chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons
what is an ionic bond? (correct answers)bond between positive and negative
what is a hydrogen bond? (correct answers)weak bond between positive and negative
with an amino? (correct answers)piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3
what is a carboyxl? (correct answers)piece of amino acid, COO or COOH
What is hydrophobic? (correct answers)Doesn't like water, end with CH
what is hydrophilic? (correct answers)Water Lovering, end with OH, NH, or SH
what is disulfide bond? (correct answers)strongest bond between reduction agents, formed between
SH's.
what are zwitterions? (correct answers)amino with positive and negative charges = overall charge of
zero
what is a polypeptide (correct answers)polymer of amino acids
, What is dehydration synthesis? (correct answers)Process of forming peptide bonds
what is hydrolysis? (correct answers)adding water to destroy bonds
what is an alpha helix? (correct answers)twisted secondary structure, formed by hydrogen bonds
what is a beta sheet? (correct answers)folded second structure shape, formed by hydrogen bonds
what is denaturation? (correct answers)loss of shape duet o interruption of chemical bonds; occurs via
extreme salt, temp, pH
what is aggregation? (correct answers)clumping of inner or outer cellular proteins caused by misfolded
proteins leading to diseases such as Alzheimers, ALS, Parkinson's
how do enzymes catalyze reactions? (correct answers)bind with substrates to decrease activation
energy required and decrease reaction rate
how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy? (correct answers)decrease activation
energy and decrease reaction rate
what are the 4 steps of the enzymatic cycle? (correct answers)enzyme recognizes substrate, substrate
attracts the enzyme; enzyme-substrate complex is formed; enzyme-product complex formed; product is
released, enzyme recycled
how do environmental changes affect enzymes? (correct answers)High heat, pH change, high salt
concentration, and reducing agents can cause an enzyme to lose its form/lose function
what is a competitive inhibitor? (correct answers)Mimics substrate and takes its place on the active
binding site
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 2022/2023 (LATEST
UPDATE)/GRADED A+
What is the basic structure of an amino acid? What do they look like? (correct answers)amino group
(NH2 or NH3), carboxyl group (COO or COOH), alpha carbon (C), and variable group
How do you identify the 3 different types of side chains: non-polar/hydrophobic, polar, and charged?
(correct answers)Non-polar/hydrophobic - end with CH or "can't have" water. Polar - end with OH, SH,
or NH. Charged - end with a charge
what kinds of bonds do each of the 3 different types of side chains make? (correct answers)ionic,
hydrophobic/non-polar, charged
What are the 4 levels of protein structure? (correct answers)Primary - linear structure, Secondary -
Folded into helix or pleated sheet caused by hydrogen bonding, tertiary - 3D structure caused by side
chain interactions, quaternary - 1+ amino acid chains combine = multiple subunits MUST have 1+
subunit
What enviormental change breaks each type of bond? (correct answers)hydrophobic - temperature
change, ionic - salt or decreased pH, hydrogen - temperature, change in pH, disulfide - reducing agents
what type of amino acid side chain leads to protein aggregration? (correct answers)hydrophobic bonds
how do environmental changes affect protein folding? (correct answers)Extreme temp can cause
hydrogen bonds to break apart = malformation of protein folding
how do mutations affect protein structure? (correct answers)Can cause structure to change. Protein
loses form = loses function. May form a different protein.
,What is an electron? (correct answers)Negatively charged atom on outer ring for bonding
What is energy: (correct answers)Power derived fro chemical interaction
what are covalent bonds? (correct answers)chemical bond, atoms share 1+ valence electrons
what is an ionic bond? (correct answers)bond between positive and negative
what is a hydrogen bond? (correct answers)weak bond between positive and negative
with an amino? (correct answers)piece of amino acid, NH2 or NH3
what is a carboyxl? (correct answers)piece of amino acid, COO or COOH
What is hydrophobic? (correct answers)Doesn't like water, end with CH
what is hydrophilic? (correct answers)Water Lovering, end with OH, NH, or SH
what is disulfide bond? (correct answers)strongest bond between reduction agents, formed between
SH's.
what are zwitterions? (correct answers)amino with positive and negative charges = overall charge of
zero
what is a polypeptide (correct answers)polymer of amino acids
, What is dehydration synthesis? (correct answers)Process of forming peptide bonds
what is hydrolysis? (correct answers)adding water to destroy bonds
what is an alpha helix? (correct answers)twisted secondary structure, formed by hydrogen bonds
what is a beta sheet? (correct answers)folded second structure shape, formed by hydrogen bonds
what is denaturation? (correct answers)loss of shape duet o interruption of chemical bonds; occurs via
extreme salt, temp, pH
what is aggregation? (correct answers)clumping of inner or outer cellular proteins caused by misfolded
proteins leading to diseases such as Alzheimers, ALS, Parkinson's
how do enzymes catalyze reactions? (correct answers)bind with substrates to decrease activation
energy required and decrease reaction rate
how do enzymes affect reaction rate and activation energy? (correct answers)decrease activation
energy and decrease reaction rate
what are the 4 steps of the enzymatic cycle? (correct answers)enzyme recognizes substrate, substrate
attracts the enzyme; enzyme-substrate complex is formed; enzyme-product complex formed; product is
released, enzyme recycled
how do environmental changes affect enzymes? (correct answers)High heat, pH change, high salt
concentration, and reducing agents can cause an enzyme to lose its form/lose function
what is a competitive inhibitor? (correct answers)Mimics substrate and takes its place on the active
binding site
