Introduction to Quantitative Research
Quantitative Research Correct Answer: - 4 types of Quan. res.
- descriptive
-correlational
-quasi-experimental
-experimental
-------
Sir Ronald Fisher- added structure and control to the steps of the Quan. Res. process to decrease
potential for error and improve accuracy of study findings.
- many quan. res. approaches and designs are essential to dev. body of knowledge needed for evidence-
based practice.
-Homogenity is important in all quantitative designs
--logistic reasoning and deductive reasoning are essential to dev. of quantitative res.
research process Correct Answer: steps are critically examined and reexamined for errors and weakness
in areas such as design, intervention development and implementation, measurement, sampling ,
statistical analysis, and generalization.
Purpose of Research Design Correct Answer: - quantitative research
- provides the plan or the blueprint
-is vehicle for systematically testing research questions and hypo.
-provides structure for maintaining control in the study
-design concepts guide researcher in dev. and conducting research.
-All research attempts to answer questions
- design coupled with methods & analysis = mechanism for finding solutions to research questions or
hypo.
-res. chooses design to maximize degree of control, fidelity or uniformity over tested variables.
- to provide master plan for study.
Rigor Correct Answer: striving for excellence in research and involves discipline, scrupulous adherence
to detail and strict accuracy.
--rigor=precision
---found in concise statement of res. purpose, detailed dev. of study design and formulation of explicit
tx protocols.
-another aspect of rigor is precision- most explicit use of precision is evident in measurement of study
variables. (measurement involves objectively experiencing real world through senses, sight , hearing,
touch, taste and smell.
precision Correct Answer: - type of sampling method used and how subjects assigned to research
conditions affects generalizability to other groups, external validity.
Control
-important in all designs Correct Answer: measures that the researcher uses to hold the conditions of
study uniform and avoid possible potential of bias on dependent variable or outcome variable.
, -control measures help to avoid bias or threats to internal validity of study.
- statistical principles behind the forms of control.
-important not only to access quality of study but also application to a practice that is evidence based.
-control is maximized by well-planned study that considers each step of the research process and
potential threats to internal and external validity.
elements of control & fidelity differ based on type of design
-control = accomplished by ruling out extraneous or mediating variable that compete with independent
variable as an explanation for study's outcome.
-critical component of control is constancy in data-collection.
three means of control- homogeneous,constancy and manipulation
-all aspects of control are strictly applied to experimental design studies
--affects outcome of study and also its future use
--res. imposes rules to decrease poss. of error and increases prob. that study findings are accurate
reflection of reality.
-rules to achieve control are referred to as design`
Rules to achieve control Correct Answer: are referred to as design
Intervening, extraneous or mediating variable Correct Answer: one that interferes with operations of
variable being studied.
ex: type of breast cancer tx pt's experienced.
means of controlling extraneous variables Correct Answer: -use of homogeneous sample
-use of consistent data - collection procedures
-training and supervision of data collectors and interventionists
-manipulation of independent variable
-randomization
Intervention Fidelity (treatment fidelity)
-fidelity means trustworthy or faithfulness
-constancy in data collection = int. fid. Correct Answer: constancy of interventionists, data-collector
training and supervision, and follow up through out the study.
-study that tests interventions (ex: randomized controlled trial) is key concept
- means res. actively standardized intervention and planned how to administer intervention to each
subject in same manner under same conditions.
Elements of intervention fidelity Correct Answer: design
training
delivery
receipt
enactment
design- study designed to allow adequate testing of hypo in relation to underlying theory and clinical
processes.
training- ongoing training and supervision of data collectors (interventionists) to assure intervention is
being delivered as planned and in a similar manner with all subjects
Quantitative Research Correct Answer: - 4 types of Quan. res.
- descriptive
-correlational
-quasi-experimental
-experimental
-------
Sir Ronald Fisher- added structure and control to the steps of the Quan. Res. process to decrease
potential for error and improve accuracy of study findings.
- many quan. res. approaches and designs are essential to dev. body of knowledge needed for evidence-
based practice.
-Homogenity is important in all quantitative designs
--logistic reasoning and deductive reasoning are essential to dev. of quantitative res.
research process Correct Answer: steps are critically examined and reexamined for errors and weakness
in areas such as design, intervention development and implementation, measurement, sampling ,
statistical analysis, and generalization.
Purpose of Research Design Correct Answer: - quantitative research
- provides the plan or the blueprint
-is vehicle for systematically testing research questions and hypo.
-provides structure for maintaining control in the study
-design concepts guide researcher in dev. and conducting research.
-All research attempts to answer questions
- design coupled with methods & analysis = mechanism for finding solutions to research questions or
hypo.
-res. chooses design to maximize degree of control, fidelity or uniformity over tested variables.
- to provide master plan for study.
Rigor Correct Answer: striving for excellence in research and involves discipline, scrupulous adherence
to detail and strict accuracy.
--rigor=precision
---found in concise statement of res. purpose, detailed dev. of study design and formulation of explicit
tx protocols.
-another aspect of rigor is precision- most explicit use of precision is evident in measurement of study
variables. (measurement involves objectively experiencing real world through senses, sight , hearing,
touch, taste and smell.
precision Correct Answer: - type of sampling method used and how subjects assigned to research
conditions affects generalizability to other groups, external validity.
Control
-important in all designs Correct Answer: measures that the researcher uses to hold the conditions of
study uniform and avoid possible potential of bias on dependent variable or outcome variable.
, -control measures help to avoid bias or threats to internal validity of study.
- statistical principles behind the forms of control.
-important not only to access quality of study but also application to a practice that is evidence based.
-control is maximized by well-planned study that considers each step of the research process and
potential threats to internal and external validity.
elements of control & fidelity differ based on type of design
-control = accomplished by ruling out extraneous or mediating variable that compete with independent
variable as an explanation for study's outcome.
-critical component of control is constancy in data-collection.
three means of control- homogeneous,constancy and manipulation
-all aspects of control are strictly applied to experimental design studies
--affects outcome of study and also its future use
--res. imposes rules to decrease poss. of error and increases prob. that study findings are accurate
reflection of reality.
-rules to achieve control are referred to as design`
Rules to achieve control Correct Answer: are referred to as design
Intervening, extraneous or mediating variable Correct Answer: one that interferes with operations of
variable being studied.
ex: type of breast cancer tx pt's experienced.
means of controlling extraneous variables Correct Answer: -use of homogeneous sample
-use of consistent data - collection procedures
-training and supervision of data collectors and interventionists
-manipulation of independent variable
-randomization
Intervention Fidelity (treatment fidelity)
-fidelity means trustworthy or faithfulness
-constancy in data collection = int. fid. Correct Answer: constancy of interventionists, data-collector
training and supervision, and follow up through out the study.
-study that tests interventions (ex: randomized controlled trial) is key concept
- means res. actively standardized intervention and planned how to administer intervention to each
subject in same manner under same conditions.
Elements of intervention fidelity Correct Answer: design
training
delivery
receipt
enactment
design- study designed to allow adequate testing of hypo in relation to underlying theory and clinical
processes.
training- ongoing training and supervision of data collectors (interventionists) to assure intervention is
being delivered as planned and in a similar manner with all subjects
