Muscular system: flashcards. 1st year anatomy
fiber - recall that muscle ____is the name of a single muscle tissue cell
endomysium - fine layer of CT that surrounds each muscle fiber (cell)
perimysium - sheath around a fascicle
epimysium - dense, fibrous CT that surrounds & holds together a group of fascicles =
outside layer of a single muscle
deep fascia - still coarser layer of dense CT that binds muscles into functional groups »»
eg: hamstrings vs quadriceps
joints - most muscles span
2 places - most muscles are attaches to bones in at least ___ places
anchored/ originates in the bone - muscle attachement origin
bone that moves - muscle attachement insertion
tendon or an aponeurosis - Most attachments are indirect attachments involving either a
____ or ____
Aponeurosis - flat sheet of tissue connecting two muscles
Fascicle - all skeletal muscles have
parallel, pennate, convergent, circular - 4 basic patterns of fascicle
parallel - can be straplike (sartorius) or fusiform (biceps brachii)
pennate - unipennate (eg: extensor digitorum longus)
bipennate (eg: rectus femoris)
multipennate (eg: deltoid)
convergent fascicles - muscle is triangular or fan-shaped (eg: pectoralis major)
circular fascicles - concentric rings surround ext openings & contract to close opening
(eg: obicularis oris)
(eyes)
in opposition - muscles can work together or
prime movers, antagonists, synergists - 3 functional groups of muscles
, prime mover - allows movement to happen (there can be more than one)
prime mover example - biceps brachii and elbow flexion
Antagonist - acting against the movement (muscle tone). Controls movement.
can provide resistance to prevent overshoot or control rate of movement. - what can
antagonist provide and prevent?
biceps brachii & triceps brachii - give a example how a single muscle can be a prime
mover for one action & an antagonist for another action
promoting the same movement
reducing undesirable movements
some are fixators (muscles involved in posture. holds a certain pose ) - synergists
muscles that help the prime mover by (3)
Epicanius - main muscle of scalp - consists of: frontal belly and occipital belly
frontal belly - raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
occipital belly - fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly
orbicularis oculi - surrounds the rim of orbit; protects eyes from light by producing
blinking ,squinting also draws eyebrows down
Zygomaticus - (cheek to corner of mouth):
smiling muscle
Orbiculairs Oculi - lips; multi-layered; closes, purses, protrudes lips
mentalis (mandible to chin): - V-shaped pair - protrudes lower lip (pout); wrinkles chin
buccinator (mandible/maxilla to orb.oris) - deep to masseter - whistling, sucking; hold
food in place when chewing; especially in nursing infants
platysma (fascia of chest to mandible) - helps depress mandible; tenses skin of neck
genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, - 3 muscles that move the tongue
Genioglossus - (mandible to inferior tongue & hyoid bone): prime mover of tongue
protrusion; anchors tongue to prevent obstruction of respiration
Hyoglossus - (hyoid bone to inferolateral tongue): depresses tongue, especially lateral
margins
fiber - recall that muscle ____is the name of a single muscle tissue cell
endomysium - fine layer of CT that surrounds each muscle fiber (cell)
perimysium - sheath around a fascicle
epimysium - dense, fibrous CT that surrounds & holds together a group of fascicles =
outside layer of a single muscle
deep fascia - still coarser layer of dense CT that binds muscles into functional groups »»
eg: hamstrings vs quadriceps
joints - most muscles span
2 places - most muscles are attaches to bones in at least ___ places
anchored/ originates in the bone - muscle attachement origin
bone that moves - muscle attachement insertion
tendon or an aponeurosis - Most attachments are indirect attachments involving either a
____ or ____
Aponeurosis - flat sheet of tissue connecting two muscles
Fascicle - all skeletal muscles have
parallel, pennate, convergent, circular - 4 basic patterns of fascicle
parallel - can be straplike (sartorius) or fusiform (biceps brachii)
pennate - unipennate (eg: extensor digitorum longus)
bipennate (eg: rectus femoris)
multipennate (eg: deltoid)
convergent fascicles - muscle is triangular or fan-shaped (eg: pectoralis major)
circular fascicles - concentric rings surround ext openings & contract to close opening
(eg: obicularis oris)
(eyes)
in opposition - muscles can work together or
prime movers, antagonists, synergists - 3 functional groups of muscles
, prime mover - allows movement to happen (there can be more than one)
prime mover example - biceps brachii and elbow flexion
Antagonist - acting against the movement (muscle tone). Controls movement.
can provide resistance to prevent overshoot or control rate of movement. - what can
antagonist provide and prevent?
biceps brachii & triceps brachii - give a example how a single muscle can be a prime
mover for one action & an antagonist for another action
promoting the same movement
reducing undesirable movements
some are fixators (muscles involved in posture. holds a certain pose ) - synergists
muscles that help the prime mover by (3)
Epicanius - main muscle of scalp - consists of: frontal belly and occipital belly
frontal belly - raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead
occipital belly - fixes aponeurosis and pulls scalp posteriorly
orbicularis oculi - surrounds the rim of orbit; protects eyes from light by producing
blinking ,squinting also draws eyebrows down
Zygomaticus - (cheek to corner of mouth):
smiling muscle
Orbiculairs Oculi - lips; multi-layered; closes, purses, protrudes lips
mentalis (mandible to chin): - V-shaped pair - protrudes lower lip (pout); wrinkles chin
buccinator (mandible/maxilla to orb.oris) - deep to masseter - whistling, sucking; hold
food in place when chewing; especially in nursing infants
platysma (fascia of chest to mandible) - helps depress mandible; tenses skin of neck
genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, - 3 muscles that move the tongue
Genioglossus - (mandible to inferior tongue & hyoid bone): prime mover of tongue
protrusion; anchors tongue to prevent obstruction of respiration
Hyoglossus - (hyoid bone to inferolateral tongue): depresses tongue, especially lateral
margins
