Jones and Bartlett EMT Test prep
(Answered 2022)
the active, muscular part of breathing is called:
inhalation
A 22-year-old man crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is found approximately
20 feet away from his bike and is responsive to pain only. He is not wearing a
helmet. You are unable to effectively open his airway using the jaw-thrust
maneuver. What should you do?
Carefully tilt his head back and lift up on his chin.
what is the function of pulmonary surfactant?
it lubricates the alveolar walls and allows them to expand and recoil.
which of the following devices is contraindicated in patients with blunt thoracic
trauma?
Oxygen-powered ventilator.
You are performing abdominal thrusts on a 19-year-old male with a severe airway
obstruction when he becomes unresponsive. After lowering him to the ground
and placing him in a supine position, you should:
begin CPR, starting with chest compressions.
As you begin ventilating an unresponsive apneic man, you hear gurgling in his
upper airway. Your MOST immediate action should be to
quickly turn the patient onto his side so secretions can drain
Which of the following injuries or conditions should be managed FIRST
Bleeding within the oral cavity
You are assessing a 66-year-old man who has emphysema and complains of
worsened shortness of breath. He is confused, has a heart rate of 120 beats/min,
and an oxygen saturation of 89%. Which of the following assessment findings
should concern you the MOST?
Confusion
An inaccurate pulse oximetry reading may be caused by:
severe peripheral vasoconstriction.
A patient who is breathing with reduced tidal volume would MOST likely have
shallow respirations
During your assessment of an unresponsive adult female, you determine that she
is apneic. You should:
assess for a carotid pulse.
In which of the following situations would you MOST likely encounter agonal
gasps?
Shortly after becoming unresponsive and pulseless
A patient overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. He is cyanotic; he has slow,
shallow breathing; and his oxygen saturation is 80%. The primary cause of this
patient's condition is inadequate
ventilation
,which of the following statements regarding the head tilt-chin lift maneuver is
correct?
it should be used in conjunction with an appropriate airway adjunct.
Hypoxia is defined as:
inadequate oxygen to the body's cells and tissues.
Which of the following signs or symptoms is indicative of cerebral hypoxia
decreased level of consciousness
Clinically, reduced tidal volume would MOST likely present with respirations that
are:
shallow
To obtain the most reliable assessment of a patient's tidal volume, you should
look at the rise of the chest
A patient overdosed on several drugs and is unresponsive with shallow breathing
and facial cyanosis. As you continue your assessment, the patient suddenly
vomits. You should:
turn the patient onto his side
A properly placed oropharyngeal airway
keeps the tongue off of the posterior pharynx.
An elderly woman with COPD is semiconscious with labored breathing. Her face
is cyanotic, her pulse is rapid and weak, and her oxygen saturation is 75%. You
should
ventilate her with a bag-valve-mask device and high-flow oxygen.
Shallow breathing is an indication of:
decreased tidal volume.
During your initial attempt to ventilate an unresponsive apneic patient, you meet
resistance and do not see the patient's chest rise. You should
reposition the head and reattempt to ventilate
If an adult patient presents with a respiratory rate of 26 breaths/min, your initial
action should be to
Evaluate his mental status and the depth of his respirations
To ensure you deliver the highest concentration of oxygen with a nonrebreathing
mask, you should:
make sure the reservoir bag is pre-inflated
The lower airway begins at the
larynx
Which of the following yields the lowest minute volume?
Respiratory rate of 14 breaths/min; tidal volume of 300 mL.
When attaching an oxygen regulator to a D cylinder and preparing it for use, you
should recall that:
oxygen supports combustion and should not be used where sparks are easily
generated.
All of the following would cause an increased level of carbon dioxide in the
arterial blood, EXCEPT:
deep, rapid breathing
an unresponsive patients respirations are 28 breaths/min and shallow. The MOST
appropriate treatment includes:
,assisted ventilations with 100% oxygen.
Which of the following is the MOST correct technique for ventilating an apneic
adult who has a pulse?
Deliver each breath over 1 second at a rate of 12 breaths/min.
Agonal respirations are not adequate because they are:
infrequent, gasping respiratory efforts.
When ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-valve-mask device, each breath
should be delivered over:
1 second
After an initial attempt to ventilate an unresponsive apneic patient fails, you
reposition the patient's head and reattempt ventilation without success. You
should next
perform chest compressions, open the airway, and look in the mouth
While providing initial ventilations to an apneic adult with a bag-valve-mask
device, you note minimal rise of the chest despite an adequate mask-to-face seal.
You should:
increase the volume of your ventilations.
The MOST effective way to determine if you are providing adequate volume
during artificial ventilation is:
assessing the chest for adequate rise.
When suctioning copious secretions from a semiconscious adult's airway, you
should:
avoid touching the back of the airway with the suction catheter.
While managing a patient with acute shortness of breath, you attempt to apply a
nonrebreathing mask set at 12 L/min. The patient pulls the mask away from his
face, stating that it is smothering him. You should:
reassure the patient and apply a nasal cannula instead.
The MOST appropriate treatment for a semiconscious patient with slow, shallow
respirations includes:
a nasopharyngeal airway and assisted ventilation with a bag-valve-mask device.
An unresponsive man has shallow, gurgling respirations at a rate of 8
breaths/min. Initial treatment should include:
suctioning of the oropharynx.
Which of the following processes occurs during cellular/capillary gas exchange?
The capillaries give up oxygen to the cells.
A patient with a mild foreign body airway obstruction:
is typically not cyanotic.
An elderly man is found lying unresponsive next to his bed. The patient's wife did
not witness the events that led to his unresponsiveness. You should immediately:
grasp the angles of the lower jaw and lift.
The tidal volume of an unresponsive patient is rapidly assessed by:
observing for chest rise during inhalation.
Medications such as Albuterol (Ventolin) relieve respiratory distress by:
relaxing the smooth muscle of the bronchioles.
A 22-year-old male has a shard of glass impaled in his cheek. You look inside his
mouth and see minor bleeding.
, carefully stabilize the shard of glass and allow him to suction his own mouth.
Which of the following processes occurs during inhalation?
The intercostal muscles and diaphragm both contract.
Which of the following statements regarding artificial ventilation of an apneic
patient who has dentures is correct?
Tight-fitting dentures should be left in place because they facilitate the delivery of
adequate tidal volume.
After an adult cardiac arrest patient has been intubated by a paramedic, you are
providing ventilations as your partner performs chest compressions. When
ventilating the patient, you should:
deliver each breath over 1 second at a rate of 10 breaths/min.
A 60-year-old woman has severe respiratory distress. She is conscious, but
confused, and can only say two words at a time. Which of the following would be
the MOST appropriate treatment for her?
Ventilation with a bag-valve-mask device.
In which position would you place an uninjured, unresponsive patient with a
respiratory rate of 14 breaths/min and adequate tidal volume?
Lateral Recumbent
Which of the following airway sounds indicates a lower airway obstruction?
Wheezing
A 50-year-old woman presents with acute shortness of breath. Her skin is pale
and she is anxious. You should:
administer high-flow oxygen and assess the adequacy of her breathing.
Ventilation is defined as the:
Movement of air into and out of the lungs
You are assessing a middle-aged male who is experiencing respiratory distress.
The patient has a history of emphysema and hypertension. He appears fatigued;
has weak retractions; and demonstrates labored, shallow breathing. Your MOST
immediate action should be to:
ventilate him with a bag-valve-mask device.
Tidal volume is defined as the:
volume of air inhaled or exhaled per breath.
Prior to your arrival, a woman experiencing an asthma attack took two puffs from
her prescribed inhaler without relief. After administering supplemental oxygen,
you should:
contact medical control for further advice.
A 50-year-old man, who fell approximately 20 feet and landed on a hard surface,
is semiconscious. You should:
stabilize his head while performing the jaw-thrust maneuver.
A 60-year-old woman presents with acute respiratory distress. She is conscious
and alert, but restless. Her respiratory rate is 26 breaths/ min with adequate chest
expansion, her breath sounds are clear to auscultation bilaterally, and her oxygen
saturation is 84%. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate treatment for
this patient?
Supplemental oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask.
In which of the following situations should the jaw-thrust maneuver be used?
(Answered 2022)
the active, muscular part of breathing is called:
inhalation
A 22-year-old man crashed his motorcycle into a tree. He is found approximately
20 feet away from his bike and is responsive to pain only. He is not wearing a
helmet. You are unable to effectively open his airway using the jaw-thrust
maneuver. What should you do?
Carefully tilt his head back and lift up on his chin.
what is the function of pulmonary surfactant?
it lubricates the alveolar walls and allows them to expand and recoil.
which of the following devices is contraindicated in patients with blunt thoracic
trauma?
Oxygen-powered ventilator.
You are performing abdominal thrusts on a 19-year-old male with a severe airway
obstruction when he becomes unresponsive. After lowering him to the ground
and placing him in a supine position, you should:
begin CPR, starting with chest compressions.
As you begin ventilating an unresponsive apneic man, you hear gurgling in his
upper airway. Your MOST immediate action should be to
quickly turn the patient onto his side so secretions can drain
Which of the following injuries or conditions should be managed FIRST
Bleeding within the oral cavity
You are assessing a 66-year-old man who has emphysema and complains of
worsened shortness of breath. He is confused, has a heart rate of 120 beats/min,
and an oxygen saturation of 89%. Which of the following assessment findings
should concern you the MOST?
Confusion
An inaccurate pulse oximetry reading may be caused by:
severe peripheral vasoconstriction.
A patient who is breathing with reduced tidal volume would MOST likely have
shallow respirations
During your assessment of an unresponsive adult female, you determine that she
is apneic. You should:
assess for a carotid pulse.
In which of the following situations would you MOST likely encounter agonal
gasps?
Shortly after becoming unresponsive and pulseless
A patient overdosed on heroin and is unresponsive. He is cyanotic; he has slow,
shallow breathing; and his oxygen saturation is 80%. The primary cause of this
patient's condition is inadequate
ventilation
,which of the following statements regarding the head tilt-chin lift maneuver is
correct?
it should be used in conjunction with an appropriate airway adjunct.
Hypoxia is defined as:
inadequate oxygen to the body's cells and tissues.
Which of the following signs or symptoms is indicative of cerebral hypoxia
decreased level of consciousness
Clinically, reduced tidal volume would MOST likely present with respirations that
are:
shallow
To obtain the most reliable assessment of a patient's tidal volume, you should
look at the rise of the chest
A patient overdosed on several drugs and is unresponsive with shallow breathing
and facial cyanosis. As you continue your assessment, the patient suddenly
vomits. You should:
turn the patient onto his side
A properly placed oropharyngeal airway
keeps the tongue off of the posterior pharynx.
An elderly woman with COPD is semiconscious with labored breathing. Her face
is cyanotic, her pulse is rapid and weak, and her oxygen saturation is 75%. You
should
ventilate her with a bag-valve-mask device and high-flow oxygen.
Shallow breathing is an indication of:
decreased tidal volume.
During your initial attempt to ventilate an unresponsive apneic patient, you meet
resistance and do not see the patient's chest rise. You should
reposition the head and reattempt to ventilate
If an adult patient presents with a respiratory rate of 26 breaths/min, your initial
action should be to
Evaluate his mental status and the depth of his respirations
To ensure you deliver the highest concentration of oxygen with a nonrebreathing
mask, you should:
make sure the reservoir bag is pre-inflated
The lower airway begins at the
larynx
Which of the following yields the lowest minute volume?
Respiratory rate of 14 breaths/min; tidal volume of 300 mL.
When attaching an oxygen regulator to a D cylinder and preparing it for use, you
should recall that:
oxygen supports combustion and should not be used where sparks are easily
generated.
All of the following would cause an increased level of carbon dioxide in the
arterial blood, EXCEPT:
deep, rapid breathing
an unresponsive patients respirations are 28 breaths/min and shallow. The MOST
appropriate treatment includes:
,assisted ventilations with 100% oxygen.
Which of the following is the MOST correct technique for ventilating an apneic
adult who has a pulse?
Deliver each breath over 1 second at a rate of 12 breaths/min.
Agonal respirations are not adequate because they are:
infrequent, gasping respiratory efforts.
When ventilating an apneic patient with a bag-valve-mask device, each breath
should be delivered over:
1 second
After an initial attempt to ventilate an unresponsive apneic patient fails, you
reposition the patient's head and reattempt ventilation without success. You
should next
perform chest compressions, open the airway, and look in the mouth
While providing initial ventilations to an apneic adult with a bag-valve-mask
device, you note minimal rise of the chest despite an adequate mask-to-face seal.
You should:
increase the volume of your ventilations.
The MOST effective way to determine if you are providing adequate volume
during artificial ventilation is:
assessing the chest for adequate rise.
When suctioning copious secretions from a semiconscious adult's airway, you
should:
avoid touching the back of the airway with the suction catheter.
While managing a patient with acute shortness of breath, you attempt to apply a
nonrebreathing mask set at 12 L/min. The patient pulls the mask away from his
face, stating that it is smothering him. You should:
reassure the patient and apply a nasal cannula instead.
The MOST appropriate treatment for a semiconscious patient with slow, shallow
respirations includes:
a nasopharyngeal airway and assisted ventilation with a bag-valve-mask device.
An unresponsive man has shallow, gurgling respirations at a rate of 8
breaths/min. Initial treatment should include:
suctioning of the oropharynx.
Which of the following processes occurs during cellular/capillary gas exchange?
The capillaries give up oxygen to the cells.
A patient with a mild foreign body airway obstruction:
is typically not cyanotic.
An elderly man is found lying unresponsive next to his bed. The patient's wife did
not witness the events that led to his unresponsiveness. You should immediately:
grasp the angles of the lower jaw and lift.
The tidal volume of an unresponsive patient is rapidly assessed by:
observing for chest rise during inhalation.
Medications such as Albuterol (Ventolin) relieve respiratory distress by:
relaxing the smooth muscle of the bronchioles.
A 22-year-old male has a shard of glass impaled in his cheek. You look inside his
mouth and see minor bleeding.
, carefully stabilize the shard of glass and allow him to suction his own mouth.
Which of the following processes occurs during inhalation?
The intercostal muscles and diaphragm both contract.
Which of the following statements regarding artificial ventilation of an apneic
patient who has dentures is correct?
Tight-fitting dentures should be left in place because they facilitate the delivery of
adequate tidal volume.
After an adult cardiac arrest patient has been intubated by a paramedic, you are
providing ventilations as your partner performs chest compressions. When
ventilating the patient, you should:
deliver each breath over 1 second at a rate of 10 breaths/min.
A 60-year-old woman has severe respiratory distress. She is conscious, but
confused, and can only say two words at a time. Which of the following would be
the MOST appropriate treatment for her?
Ventilation with a bag-valve-mask device.
In which position would you place an uninjured, unresponsive patient with a
respiratory rate of 14 breaths/min and adequate tidal volume?
Lateral Recumbent
Which of the following airway sounds indicates a lower airway obstruction?
Wheezing
A 50-year-old woman presents with acute shortness of breath. Her skin is pale
and she is anxious. You should:
administer high-flow oxygen and assess the adequacy of her breathing.
Ventilation is defined as the:
Movement of air into and out of the lungs
You are assessing a middle-aged male who is experiencing respiratory distress.
The patient has a history of emphysema and hypertension. He appears fatigued;
has weak retractions; and demonstrates labored, shallow breathing. Your MOST
immediate action should be to:
ventilate him with a bag-valve-mask device.
Tidal volume is defined as the:
volume of air inhaled or exhaled per breath.
Prior to your arrival, a woman experiencing an asthma attack took two puffs from
her prescribed inhaler without relief. After administering supplemental oxygen,
you should:
contact medical control for further advice.
A 50-year-old man, who fell approximately 20 feet and landed on a hard surface,
is semiconscious. You should:
stabilize his head while performing the jaw-thrust maneuver.
A 60-year-old woman presents with acute respiratory distress. She is conscious
and alert, but restless. Her respiratory rate is 26 breaths/ min with adequate chest
expansion, her breath sounds are clear to auscultation bilaterally, and her oxygen
saturation is 84%. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate treatment for
this patient?
Supplemental oxygen with a nonrebreathing mask.
In which of the following situations should the jaw-thrust maneuver be used?
