UNIT 1
Health Defined
Models of health
• Wellness- illness continuum
o Health as dichotomy
o High-level wellness
▪ Sense of well being, life satisfaction, and quality of life
o Negative end
▪ Adaptation to disease/ disability
Social determinant of health
• Factors in a society that have an influence on health and the options available to
people to improve or maintain their health
Models of Health
• Clinical
o Health is defined as Absence of signs or symptoms of disease or illness ;
prevention not emphasized
• Role performance
o Health based on whether person can perform societal roles
• Adaptive
o Abilities to adapt positively to social, mental, and physiological change
• Eudaimonistic model
o Exuberant well-being: interaction and inter relationships in multiple aspects
of life
*compare and contrast different type of models
High-level wellness
• Wellness is positive state with increases in health beyond midpoint of continuum
• Dunn (1961) expanded concept of health to include favorability of environment
• Progressions toward a higher level of functioning
• Emphasizes interrelationship between environment and health on personal and
societal level
Eudaimonistic model
• Aspects predate clinical model
• Congruent with integrative modes of therapy
• Address more comprehensive health needs
• Compatible with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
• Health is more broadly defined and can encompass more individuals and more
diverse life circumstances
For assignment help email
,Key Health Concepts
• Functioning- levels reflected in terms of performance/ social expectations; loss
indicator of need for nursing intervention
• Health- state of physical, mental, spiritual and social functioning within
developmental context, both individual and societal responsibility
• Disease- failure of adaptive mechanisms, results in functional or structural
disturbances
• Illness- subjective experience of individual and physical manifestation of disease-
psychological, spiritual and social components
What is nursing?
• Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities;
prevention of illness and injury; treating medical response to treatment and
diagnosis; advocacy in the care of individuals
Nursing interventions
• Care for patients and follow the nursing process
• Any task that a nurse does to or for a patient
• Making a plan and setting goals for the patient
• Nursing process- the essential core of practice for the registered nurse to deliver
holistic, patient- focused care
Planning for health
• Previous focus was just on disease prevention
• We need to promote health
• healthy people iniative started in 1979 by US department of Health, Education, and
welfare
• call to action to set goals for every 10 years
• interest waned during the 1980s
• healthy people 2020- renewed interest- became landmark document (initiated
1990)
Health model- Potter and Perry
Healthy People Iniative
• healthy people 2000
o goal- increase span of healthy life, reduce health disparities, create access to
preventive services for all
o set 22 areas of achievement but by 1995, 30% of goals lacked progress
• healthy people 2010
• healthy people 2020
o health promotion and disease prevention efforts
For assignment help email
, Definition of health and health promotion
• health- a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being. Not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity; a state of physical and mental being that people
define in relation to the their own values, personality, and lifestyle
• health promotion- the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to
move toward a state of optimal health; the process of advocating health to enhance
the probability that the person support positive health practices will become a
societal norm
Levels of Prevention
• primary
o health promotion and specific protection
• secondary
o early diagnosis
o prompt treatment
o disability limitation
o ex. Screening to treating early stages of disease to limiting disability by
averting or delaying the consequences of advanced disease
• tertiary
o restoration and rehabilitation
*diagram page 10- 3 levels of prevention
Health Promotion model
• incorporates
o stages of change
o decisional balance
o self-efficacy
o processes of change
o six stages of change:
▪ precontemplative- not considering change
▪ contemplative- aware but not considering change soon
▪ preparation- planning to change
▪ action- has begun to make behavioral change
▪ maintenance- continued commitment to behavior
▪ relapse- reverted to old behavior
The nurses role
• shifting from acute, hospital based care to preventative community based care
• must assume blended roles with a knowledge base using evidence- based practice
• greater emphasis on promoting and maximizing health
Evidence based practice
• using research findings to make decisions
For assignment help email
Health Defined
Models of health
• Wellness- illness continuum
o Health as dichotomy
o High-level wellness
▪ Sense of well being, life satisfaction, and quality of life
o Negative end
▪ Adaptation to disease/ disability
Social determinant of health
• Factors in a society that have an influence on health and the options available to
people to improve or maintain their health
Models of Health
• Clinical
o Health is defined as Absence of signs or symptoms of disease or illness ;
prevention not emphasized
• Role performance
o Health based on whether person can perform societal roles
• Adaptive
o Abilities to adapt positively to social, mental, and physiological change
• Eudaimonistic model
o Exuberant well-being: interaction and inter relationships in multiple aspects
of life
*compare and contrast different type of models
High-level wellness
• Wellness is positive state with increases in health beyond midpoint of continuum
• Dunn (1961) expanded concept of health to include favorability of environment
• Progressions toward a higher level of functioning
• Emphasizes interrelationship between environment and health on personal and
societal level
Eudaimonistic model
• Aspects predate clinical model
• Congruent with integrative modes of therapy
• Address more comprehensive health needs
• Compatible with complementary and alternative medicine (CAM)
• Health is more broadly defined and can encompass more individuals and more
diverse life circumstances
For assignment help email
,Key Health Concepts
• Functioning- levels reflected in terms of performance/ social expectations; loss
indicator of need for nursing intervention
• Health- state of physical, mental, spiritual and social functioning within
developmental context, both individual and societal responsibility
• Disease- failure of adaptive mechanisms, results in functional or structural
disturbances
• Illness- subjective experience of individual and physical manifestation of disease-
psychological, spiritual and social components
What is nursing?
• Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities;
prevention of illness and injury; treating medical response to treatment and
diagnosis; advocacy in the care of individuals
Nursing interventions
• Care for patients and follow the nursing process
• Any task that a nurse does to or for a patient
• Making a plan and setting goals for the patient
• Nursing process- the essential core of practice for the registered nurse to deliver
holistic, patient- focused care
Planning for health
• Previous focus was just on disease prevention
• We need to promote health
• healthy people iniative started in 1979 by US department of Health, Education, and
welfare
• call to action to set goals for every 10 years
• interest waned during the 1980s
• healthy people 2020- renewed interest- became landmark document (initiated
1990)
Health model- Potter and Perry
Healthy People Iniative
• healthy people 2000
o goal- increase span of healthy life, reduce health disparities, create access to
preventive services for all
o set 22 areas of achievement but by 1995, 30% of goals lacked progress
• healthy people 2010
• healthy people 2020
o health promotion and disease prevention efforts
For assignment help email
, Definition of health and health promotion
• health- a state of complete physical, mental, and social well being. Not merely the
absence of disease or infirmity; a state of physical and mental being that people
define in relation to the their own values, personality, and lifestyle
• health promotion- the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to
move toward a state of optimal health; the process of advocating health to enhance
the probability that the person support positive health practices will become a
societal norm
Levels of Prevention
• primary
o health promotion and specific protection
• secondary
o early diagnosis
o prompt treatment
o disability limitation
o ex. Screening to treating early stages of disease to limiting disability by
averting or delaying the consequences of advanced disease
• tertiary
o restoration and rehabilitation
*diagram page 10- 3 levels of prevention
Health Promotion model
• incorporates
o stages of change
o decisional balance
o self-efficacy
o processes of change
o six stages of change:
▪ precontemplative- not considering change
▪ contemplative- aware but not considering change soon
▪ preparation- planning to change
▪ action- has begun to make behavioral change
▪ maintenance- continued commitment to behavior
▪ relapse- reverted to old behavior
The nurses role
• shifting from acute, hospital based care to preventative community based care
• must assume blended roles with a knowledge base using evidence- based practice
• greater emphasis on promoting and maximizing health
Evidence based practice
• using research findings to make decisions
For assignment help email
