Vulnerability and Formulation of Policies Institutions and Processes
To maintain the sustainable livelihoods despite vulnerability
Vulnerability defines the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or
asset which make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. It is a sudden change
in situation which ultimately affect people’s livelihoods, especially in economic way. The
vulnerability context which includes shocks, seasonality, trends and changes. For example; all
of sudden someone dies in the family who is the only one livelihood supporter in the family.
Shocks also includes floods, droughts, cyclones, pandemic like Covid-19 and also violence or
civil unrest on the circumstances.
Periodic fluctuations like seasonality, trends and changes also create the vulnerability that
affect the livelihoods. Seasonality belongs to predictable changes in business or economy on
the seasons, including calendar or commercial seasons, that happens over one year. For
instance; the festive season sales, like Dashain and Tihar in Nepal when there are many offers
and increased tendency of consumer to buy household things; electronics, furniture, clothes,
gold, silver etc.
Trends and changes like population, environmental change, technology, markets and trends
and globalization also encourage vulnerability. increased population density and urbanization
increases vulnerability to disaster. The effect of climate and environmental change, such as
increasing temperature level, sea-level rise, changing patterns of precipitation and more severe
extreme weather events are expected to influence key determinants of human health, including
access to clean water, sufficient food and adequate shelter. Similarly, fluctuation in the market
and trade values eventually shows reaction on livelihoods.
Policies institutions and processes (PIPs) which are the social and institutional context
from where individuals and households develop and adapt livelihood strategies. It can
effectively enable, suppress, create or limit opportunities and outcomes for livelihoods.
PIPs encompass a range of issue like participation, power and authority, governance, laws,
public service provisions and social relationships. PIPs also directly affect the vulnerability
affected by the context and are affected by it.
Policy can be defined as the action plans designed to achieve specific goals or targets.
Similarly, policy process refers to the processes of making policy of decision making and ways
of putting issues on the agenda as matters of public concerns. Policy process encompass
construction, which involves information gathering, analysis and decision making,
implementation to achieve policy objectives, and monitoring and evaluating policy formulation
and implementation. However, policy making should focus on the sustainability and to
overcome the existing problems. In our country Nepal, we are facing many issues of livelihood.
For instance, human capital of our country is very weak, children from Karnali reason are
suffering from malnutrition, many women had scarified their life during delivery to the baby
and many died due to lack of treatments. Similarly, people from Dolpa have to walk more than
one hour to reach to the school. Still many kids from rural area are drop out from school due
to economic problems. From this what we can see is there is not equal distribution of
To maintain the sustainable livelihoods despite vulnerability
Vulnerability defines the characteristics and circumstances of a community, system or
asset which make it susceptible to the damaging effects of a hazard. It is a sudden change
in situation which ultimately affect people’s livelihoods, especially in economic way. The
vulnerability context which includes shocks, seasonality, trends and changes. For example; all
of sudden someone dies in the family who is the only one livelihood supporter in the family.
Shocks also includes floods, droughts, cyclones, pandemic like Covid-19 and also violence or
civil unrest on the circumstances.
Periodic fluctuations like seasonality, trends and changes also create the vulnerability that
affect the livelihoods. Seasonality belongs to predictable changes in business or economy on
the seasons, including calendar or commercial seasons, that happens over one year. For
instance; the festive season sales, like Dashain and Tihar in Nepal when there are many offers
and increased tendency of consumer to buy household things; electronics, furniture, clothes,
gold, silver etc.
Trends and changes like population, environmental change, technology, markets and trends
and globalization also encourage vulnerability. increased population density and urbanization
increases vulnerability to disaster. The effect of climate and environmental change, such as
increasing temperature level, sea-level rise, changing patterns of precipitation and more severe
extreme weather events are expected to influence key determinants of human health, including
access to clean water, sufficient food and adequate shelter. Similarly, fluctuation in the market
and trade values eventually shows reaction on livelihoods.
Policies institutions and processes (PIPs) which are the social and institutional context
from where individuals and households develop and adapt livelihood strategies. It can
effectively enable, suppress, create or limit opportunities and outcomes for livelihoods.
PIPs encompass a range of issue like participation, power and authority, governance, laws,
public service provisions and social relationships. PIPs also directly affect the vulnerability
affected by the context and are affected by it.
Policy can be defined as the action plans designed to achieve specific goals or targets.
Similarly, policy process refers to the processes of making policy of decision making and ways
of putting issues on the agenda as matters of public concerns. Policy process encompass
construction, which involves information gathering, analysis and decision making,
implementation to achieve policy objectives, and monitoring and evaluating policy formulation
and implementation. However, policy making should focus on the sustainability and to
overcome the existing problems. In our country Nepal, we are facing many issues of livelihood.
For instance, human capital of our country is very weak, children from Karnali reason are
suffering from malnutrition, many women had scarified their life during delivery to the baby
and many died due to lack of treatments. Similarly, people from Dolpa have to walk more than
one hour to reach to the school. Still many kids from rural area are drop out from school due
to economic problems. From this what we can see is there is not equal distribution of
