C468 Info Mgt & Tech App Notes. IT study guide

○ Information Technologies: A general term used to refer to the management and processing of information with the assistance of computers, ex → EHR, barcode medication administration… (Uses computers to transmit data.) ■ CPOE, barcode medication administration and clinical decision support are all examples of Information Technologies. ○ Commonalities: Both aid in clinical decision making and are a major resource for many organizations. ● Discuss the relationship between the terms: ○ Data: A collection of numbers, characters, or facts that are gathered according to some perceived need for analysis and possibly action at a later point in time. ■ A patient's height, weight, code status, and date of birth are all examples of data. Once data is analyzed and interpreted, it then becomes information. ○ Information: Data that have been interpreted. ○ Knowledge: The synthesis of information derived from several sources to produce a single concept or idea. It is based on a logical process of analysis and provides order to thoughts and ideas and decreases uncertainty. ■ The Foundation of Knowledge Model: This is the basis for which knowledge is used to meet the needs of the healthcare delivery system. It is derived from its three key elements of ● 1) knowledge acquisition ● 2) knowledge processing ● 3) knowledge dissemination. ○ Wisdom: Occurs when knowledge is used appropriately to manage and solve problems. ● Relate the concept of information literacy to nursing informatics: ○ Information literacy: The ability to recognize when information is needed as well as the skills to find, evaluate, and use needed information effectively. Nursing and Informatics 3 questions ● Nursing Informatics: The use of technology and information to help support all aspects of nursing practice. ○ Includes direct delivery of care, administration, education, and research. ● Recognize the role of nurses as knowledge workers: ○ A knowledge worker is a: specialist in their field. ■ They have advanced formal education. ■ They can apply theoretical and analytical knowledge. . ■ continuous learner, use technology to support and inform nursing practice, and generate knowledge as a product. ● Explain the relationship of information science, computer science, and nursing science within the context of nursing practice: ○ These are the core sciences of nursing informatics/they are combined to make up nursing informatics. ● New technologies are continuously impacting the practice of nursing. Nursing informatics will continue to evolve with changes in the profession, the healthcare delivery system, and informatics in general. ● Distinguish among the: ○ Novice/Beginning nurse: These Rns are more task based, but transition to knowledge based as they gain experience. ■ They possess basic computer skills and can use information systems to manage pts. ■ They can access data and charts electronically and can support pt safety initiatives using I.T. ■ They recognize the role of informatics in nursing. ○ Experienced nurse: A nurse who is able to pull trends out of data. ■ They support specialty areas (including quality improvement and other activities) via Information Technologies. ■ They use evidence-based databases, promote technology applications, use information systems, and work with I.T. staff to enact system improvements. ○ Informatics nurse: A nurse with advanced preparation in information management who is capable of transforming data into information and information into knowledge that is disseminated at appropriate times, for appropriate uses. ■ They are proficient with informatics applications to support all areas of nursing practice and can provide a valuable communication link between healthcare and technology professionals. ■ They demonstrate critical thinking, data management, decision making, and computer skills. ■ They identify/provide data for decision making. ○ Informatics nurse specialist (INS): A nurse who has educational preparation to conduct informatics research and generate informatics theory by using their critical thinking skills, data management skills, and computer skills to contribute to the overall body of nursing knowledge. ■ An INS plays a role in the design and testing of information systems, help shape policy, and serve as an advocate for the design and use of informatics. ■ An INS focuses on nursing’s information needs and evaluates the performance and impact of information management technologies on clinical practice, education, administration, and/or research. ○ Informatics innovator: Someone who conducts informatics research and generates informatics theory. ■ The innovator uses a holistic view, they work across setting and have a vision of what’s possible and a keen sense of timing to make things happen. ■ They have a sophisticated level of skills and understanding in computer technology and information management. ■ They are proficient with informatics applications to support all areas of nursing practice. ● Identify diverse nursing informatics roles: ○ Data gatherer: When nurses collect clinical data and document their findings. ○ Information user: When nurses evaluate and analyze the data. ○ Knowledge user: When nurses compare the data they have collected with the current nursing knowledge base. ○ Knowledge builder: When nurses take their longitudinal data and offer patient care suggestions. Information Management 4 questions ● Significance of information and knowledge management: ○ Good information management provides the right info at the right time to the right people (reduces redundancy). ○ Knowledge management creates systems that enable organizations to tap into the knowledge, experiences, and creativity of their staff to improve their performance. ● Differentiate among information system technologies used in the healthcare environment: ○ Clinical and Administrative systems (see Health Information Systems) ● Determine available clinical technologies and how they impact the nursing process: ○ Clinical pathways and computer generated care plans are examples of how informatics can affect nursing practice. ○ Computerized charting, documentation prompts, device integration, decision support systems... ○ I.T. impact: Strengthen clinical databases and support evidence based care. ○ Nursing Information Systems: It supports the use and documentation of nursing process and activities and it provides tools for managing the delivery of nursing care. ■ Support the way that RNs function, allowing them to view data, collect the necessary information, provide quality pt care, and document the pt’s condition and the care given. ■ Support and enhance RN practice through improved access to information and tools such as online databases, drug information, and the hospital’s PPM. ■ Two approaches to RN care and documentation: ● Nursing process approach: Allows documentation of RN care using well established formats (IPOCs, admission assessments, nursing progress notes..) and using standardized languages. ● Critical pathway or protocols: A multi-disciplinary format for planning and documenting pt care. ● Identify the clinical information systems available to support patient-centered care: ○ Nursing information, Monitoring, CPOE, EHR Lab, Radiology, Pharmacy… ■ Health plans are providing access to claims and care management as well as member service applications. ○ Information systems enable decision makers to examine trends and make informed choices during these times of healthcare reform. ● Determine desired clinical outcomes supported by information systems: ○ Improved workflow. ○ Improved pt safety and increased quality of care. ○ Better management of resources, improved productivity, and reduced cost. ● Analyze potential barriers to patient-centered care created by the use of various technologies: ○ Using Personal Health Records (PHRs) → people may not be aware of available technology. ○ Security → pt privacy could