HIWD 372 Final Exam
Eduardo Frei Correct Answer: o Elected President of Chile in 1964
o Christian Democrat candidate
o Introduced a number of reforms such as a minimum wage (around 'U.S.' $45 per month).
o His reforms dissatisfied both factions of the divided country became frustrated with the moderate
Frei.
Salvador Allende Correct Answer: o Socialist (Marxist) leader elected president of Chile in 1970
o Nationalized industries...but that depleted foreign currency reserves. He also began radical agrarian
reform (collectivization).
o In 1973, overthrown by Augusto Pinochet and the Army
Augusto Pinochet Correct Answer: o Pinochet served as Chilean president (1973-1990) ...and became
known as a brutal military caudillo
o Initially economically successful, ultimately marked by recession.
Casualties of Pinochet's reign Correct Answer: --More than 3,000 Chileans were either murdered or
disappeared during Pinochet's rule.
--29,000 were tortured.
--200,000 were forced into exile.
OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) Correct Answer: o A 34 nation-
member organization started by France in 1961 for the purpose of stimulating economic progress and
world trade.
o Critics argue that the economy of Chile is growing steadily. Poverty is declining and for the moment,
Chile is functioning as a stable "democracy".
Chilean Socialism Correct Answer: o Allende in 70s
o Bachelet in the present
José Manuel Balmaceda Correct Answer: o In 1886 liberal candidate was elected president of Chile
o Originally classified as a 'Liberal', he nonetheless began to violate the constitution and slowly began to
establish a dictatorship.
, o Congress moved for impeachment which results in the 1891 Chilean Civil War
o Commits suicide after his faction's defeat
Christian Democrats Correct Answer: Originally a combination of having traditional Catholic beliefs &
20th Century democratic ideas.
Jorge Montt Correct Answer: Replaces Balmaceda as president of Chile at end of Civil War
Michelle Bachelet Correct Answer: Socialist who became the first female president of Chile (2006-2010
& again 2014-2018).
Chilean Civil War Correct Answer: War cost 5000 lives
José de San Martín Correct Answer: Defeated the 'Royalists' at Chacabuco.
Result: Ferdinand VII formally recognized Chile's independence from Spain on February 12, 1818.
War of the Pacific Correct Answer: In 1879, Chile went to war against Peru and Bolivia over a long-time
border dispute for nitrate rich area and access to the sea.
Casualties of the War of the Pacific Correct Answer: About 3,000 Chileans died during the War of the
Pacific. More than 10,000 Peruvians & Bolivians died during this conflict.
Key events of the War of the Pacific Correct Answer: ♣ In first year of war, Chileans captured the
Hudascar (Peru's flagship)
♣ In 1881, Chile captured Lima, Peru's capital.
Results of the War of the Pacific Correct Answer: ♣ Ended in 1883 via the Treaty of Ancon
♣ Chile acquired the Peruvian territory of Tarapacá & the Bolivian dept. of Litoral (cutting Bolivia off
from the sea).
Diego Portales Correct Answer: In 1829, the 'Conservatives' took power and introduced an authoritarian
regime under this leader.
He never became president himself but nevertheless was very influential behind the scenes.
British interactions with Argentina Correct Answer: o Invaded Rio de La Plata in 1812-1813
o Falkland War
Falklands War of 1982 Correct Answer: In the early 1980s, despite the repression, protests spread
across Argentina.
On April 2, 1982 to try and divert people's minds from their problems... the Argentinean junta invaded
the Falkland Islands.
Eduardo Frei Correct Answer: o Elected President of Chile in 1964
o Christian Democrat candidate
o Introduced a number of reforms such as a minimum wage (around 'U.S.' $45 per month).
o His reforms dissatisfied both factions of the divided country became frustrated with the moderate
Frei.
Salvador Allende Correct Answer: o Socialist (Marxist) leader elected president of Chile in 1970
o Nationalized industries...but that depleted foreign currency reserves. He also began radical agrarian
reform (collectivization).
o In 1973, overthrown by Augusto Pinochet and the Army
Augusto Pinochet Correct Answer: o Pinochet served as Chilean president (1973-1990) ...and became
known as a brutal military caudillo
o Initially economically successful, ultimately marked by recession.
Casualties of Pinochet's reign Correct Answer: --More than 3,000 Chileans were either murdered or
disappeared during Pinochet's rule.
--29,000 were tortured.
--200,000 were forced into exile.
OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) Correct Answer: o A 34 nation-
member organization started by France in 1961 for the purpose of stimulating economic progress and
world trade.
o Critics argue that the economy of Chile is growing steadily. Poverty is declining and for the moment,
Chile is functioning as a stable "democracy".
Chilean Socialism Correct Answer: o Allende in 70s
o Bachelet in the present
José Manuel Balmaceda Correct Answer: o In 1886 liberal candidate was elected president of Chile
o Originally classified as a 'Liberal', he nonetheless began to violate the constitution and slowly began to
establish a dictatorship.
, o Congress moved for impeachment which results in the 1891 Chilean Civil War
o Commits suicide after his faction's defeat
Christian Democrats Correct Answer: Originally a combination of having traditional Catholic beliefs &
20th Century democratic ideas.
Jorge Montt Correct Answer: Replaces Balmaceda as president of Chile at end of Civil War
Michelle Bachelet Correct Answer: Socialist who became the first female president of Chile (2006-2010
& again 2014-2018).
Chilean Civil War Correct Answer: War cost 5000 lives
José de San Martín Correct Answer: Defeated the 'Royalists' at Chacabuco.
Result: Ferdinand VII formally recognized Chile's independence from Spain on February 12, 1818.
War of the Pacific Correct Answer: In 1879, Chile went to war against Peru and Bolivia over a long-time
border dispute for nitrate rich area and access to the sea.
Casualties of the War of the Pacific Correct Answer: About 3,000 Chileans died during the War of the
Pacific. More than 10,000 Peruvians & Bolivians died during this conflict.
Key events of the War of the Pacific Correct Answer: ♣ In first year of war, Chileans captured the
Hudascar (Peru's flagship)
♣ In 1881, Chile captured Lima, Peru's capital.
Results of the War of the Pacific Correct Answer: ♣ Ended in 1883 via the Treaty of Ancon
♣ Chile acquired the Peruvian territory of Tarapacá & the Bolivian dept. of Litoral (cutting Bolivia off
from the sea).
Diego Portales Correct Answer: In 1829, the 'Conservatives' took power and introduced an authoritarian
regime under this leader.
He never became president himself but nevertheless was very influential behind the scenes.
British interactions with Argentina Correct Answer: o Invaded Rio de La Plata in 1812-1813
o Falkland War
Falklands War of 1982 Correct Answer: In the early 1980s, despite the repression, protests spread
across Argentina.
On April 2, 1982 to try and divert people's minds from their problems... the Argentinean junta invaded
the Falkland Islands.
