Test__Patho_Test_1

Pain, Pallor, paralysis, paresthesias, pulselessness. Injury caused when tissues such as blood vessels and nerves are constricted within a space as from swelling or from a tight dressing or cast. Swelling in a confined space that produces dangerous pressure; may cut off blood flow or damage sensitive tissue. 100% A. Complications of compartment syndrome B. The 5 P's of compartment syndrome C. Best way to prevent the spread of infection. D. What are B lymphocytes (B cells)? 2. Non-inflammatory, Cartilage destruction, Progressive, Usually occurs due to old age. Also known as wear and tear arthritis and degenerative joint disease, it is a localized joint disease characterized by the deterioration of articulating cartilage an its underlying bone as well as Bony overgrowth. (p 403) A. What is Fibromyalgia? B. What is osteoarthritis? C. What are macrophages? D. What is psoriatic arthritis? 3. Through Osmosis -C6 Assisted by Chloride, which attaches to sodium or water. Bound to sodium it behaves like sodium in regard to water balance. When chloride is bound to hydrogen, it plays an important role in acid-base balance. Kidneys are primarily responsible for chloride excretion, as well as sweating. A. How do we lose fluid from extracellular compartment? B. The best prevention for Pressure ulcers/injuries is to perform what intervention? C. How is fluid between interstitial and intracellular compartments distributed? D. What is rheumatoid arthritis? 4. Usually encapsulated in are unable to metastasize. Similar to normal cells, differentiated, mitosis fairly normal and relatively slow, expanding mass, frequently encapsulated - C1 A. Identity examples of benign cells (Select All) B. The four components of Pathophysiology (Select all) C. Bones cancers and their properties. Osteochondroma D. Identify examples of types of malignant cells (Select All) 5. Undifferentiated (more anaplastic), nonfunctioning cells that are reproducing rapidly. Malignant tumors often penetrate surrounding tissue and spread to secondary sites. Carcinomas on skin, and tissue that cover organs. Stomach, prostate, pancreas, lung, liver, colon, or breast. A. Identity examples of benign cells (Select All) B. Identify examples of types of malignant cells (Select All) C. What is potential and fatal complication of hypernatremia? D. The four components of Pathophysiology (Select all) 6. Primary: do not have the disease and you are trying to prevent it (i.e. Vaccines) Secondary: disease detection (i.e. PAP smears and yearly physicals) Tertiary: trying to prevent problems from the disease or problem (i.e. Rehabilitation) - C1 PP Slide7 A. Prevention and treatment of disease- eg. Primary, Secondary, Tertiary B. Rheumatoid arthritis clinical manifestation? (Select all) C. The best prevention for Pressure ulcers/injuries is to perform what intervention? D. Identity examples of benign cells (Select All) 7. The generalized stimulation of sympathetic nervous system resulting in the release of catecholamine's and cortisol, AKA fight or flight response -C2 A. What happens during the alarm phase of Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome? B. What compounds does the body release during stress? C. The energy currency of a cell and role the mitochondrion plays in this currency D. What are the properties of cancer cells? (Select All) 8. First line of innate attack. Engulf as many as 100 bacteria. White blood cells within tissues, produced by differentiation of monocytes, phagocytize and stimulate lymphocytes and other immune cells to respond to pathogens - C1 A. What is active immunity? B. What are B lymphocytes (B cells)? C. What is Fibromyalgia? D. What are macrophages? 9. Produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus—hence "T" cell; include two major types that work to destroy antigens— regulator cells and effector cells. A. What are macrophages? B. The four components of Pathophysiology (Select all) C. What are T lymphocytes (T cells)? D. What are the properties of cancer cells? (Select All) 10. The release of catecholamine sans cortisol -C2 A. What is one mediator of inflammation? B. What compounds does the body release during stress? C. What are the properties of cancer cells? (Select All) D. Where are leukocytes and red blood cells formed? 11. Aldosterone & ADH (Anti Diuretic Hormone) A. What hormones assist with potassium distribution (2 main hormones) B. What happens during the alarm phase of Hans Selye's General Adaptation Syndrome? C. What is potential and fatal complication of hypernatremia? D. Extracellular fluid has higher concentration of which electrolytes/substances (2) 12. Cancer cells leaving a tumor and invading other parts of the body. Spreading of cancer cells. A. What causes gout? B. What is metastasis? C. What is psoriatic arthritis? D. What is one mediator of inflammation? 13. A chronic inflammatory skin condition triggered by an allergen (p 423) A. What is atopic dermatitis? B. What is psoriatic arthritis? C. What is metastasis? D. What is Fibromyalgia? 14. Histamine, serotonin, leukotriene's, prostaglandins - C2 A. What is one mediator of inflammation? B. A lab test that can measure inflammation C. Type 1 hypersensitivity mediator D. Where are leukocytes and red blood cells formed? 15. A generalized wasting syndrome where the person appears emaciated often occurs due to malnutrition. Muscle wasting. C-1 A. What is active immunity? B. What is cachexia? C. What causes gout? D. What is metastasis? 16. · Minimize the force and friction applied to the skin · perform a systematic skin inspection at least once a day · massage vigorously over Bony prominences twice daily · cleanse the skin at the time of soiling and at routine intervals · use pillows to keep the knees other Bony prominences from direct contact with one another A. The best prevention for Pressure ulcers/injuries is to perform what intervention? B. Prevention and treatment of disease- eg. Primary, Secondary, Tertiary C. What is potential and fatal complication of hypernatremia? D. The energy currency of a cell and role the mitochondrion plays in this currency 17. Significant fluid increases in the transcellular compartment are often referred to as third spacing because fluid is not easily exchanged among the other extracellular fluids. Management of fluid excess focuses on identifying and treating the underlying cause. Strategies may consist of wearing compression stockings, administering diuretics, restricting sodium and fluids, and maintaining the patient in high Fowler’s position. A. How do we lose fluid from extracellular compartment? B. Rheumatoid arthritis clinical manifestation? (Select all) C. What are the properties of cancer cells? (Select All) D. What is potential and fatal complication of hypernatremia? 18. Increased capillary permeability. Occurs when hydrostatic an osmotic forces favor the movement of fluid from the intra vascular compartment to the interstitial space. Edema occurs when hydrostatic forces are greater than osmotic forces -C6 A. Cause of edema B. Chondrosarcoma C. Osteosarcoma D. What is Fibromyalgia? 19. Immunity gained by actively engaging with the antigen - that is through invasion or vaccination. The person makes his or her own antibodies, and protection is usually long term. A. What is osteoarthritis? B. What is Fibromyalgia? C. What is cachexia? D. What is active immunity? 20. Fatigue, anorexia, low grade fever, Lymphadenopathy, Malaise, muscle spasms, morning stiffness lasting longer than one hour, warmth, tenderness, and stiffness in the joints when not used for as little as one hour, bilateral joint pain, swollen and boggy joints, limited joint range of motion, contractures and joint deformity. I E boutonniere deformity and Swan neck deformity. Unsteady gait, depression, anemia. (p 405) A. What activity is appropriate for osteoarthritis? B. Identify examples of types of malignant cells (Select All) C. Rheumatoid arthritis clinical manifestation? (Select all) D. What is potential and fatal complication of hypernatremia?