The Nervous System QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Central nervous system (CNS) Correct Answer: Nervous system subdivision that
is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
Somatic nervous system Correct Answer: Subdivision of the PNS that controls
voluntary activities such as the activation of skeletal muscles.
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Correct Answer: Nervous system subdivision
that is composed of the cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
Autonomic nervous system Correct Answer: Subdivision of the PNS that regulates
the activity of the cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. It is also called the
involuntary nervous system because it controls body activities automatically. It is
very Important in maintaining homeostasis for the body.
Neuroglia Correct Answer: Cells that support, insulate, and protect neurons. These
cells are able to divide and are usually involved in brain tumors.
Neurons Correct Answer: Cells that transmit electrical message from one area of
the body to another area.
Axon Correct Answer: End of neuron that releases neurotransmitters away from
the cell body.
Dendrite Correct Answer: End of neuron that conducts electrical currents toward
the cell body.
Myelin Correct Answer: White, fatty material that covers long nerve fibers,
protecting and insulating the fibers, as well as Increasing the speed of impulse
transmission.
Cell body Correct Answer: Location of the nucleus in a neuron.
Schwann cells Correct Answer: Specialized cells that myelinate the fibers of
neurons found in the PNS.
, Synapse Correct Answer: Junction or point of close contact between neurons.
Tract Correct Answer: Bundle of nerve processes inside the CNS.
Nodes of Ranvier Correct Answer: Gaps in the myelin sheath between schwann
cells.
Ganglia Correct Answer: Collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS.
Efferent neuron Correct Answer: Neuron that conducts impulses away from the
CNS to muscles and glands.
Stimuli Correct Answer: Changes, occurring within or outside the body, that affect
nervous system functioning.
Afferent neuron Correct Answer: Neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS
from the body periphery.
Neurotransmitters Correct Answer: Chemicals released by neurons that stimulate
other neurons, muscles, or glands.
Depolarization Correct Answer: State in which the polarity of the neuron is
reversed as sodium ions rush into the neuron.
Polarized Correct Answer: Electrical condition of the plasma membrane of a
resting neuron when it is inactive. Has fewer positive ions sitting on its inner face
than on its outer face.
Repolarization Correct Answer: Period during which potassium ions diffuse out of
the neuron resulting in a return of the polarization to its resting state. .
Potassium ions Correct Answer: The chief positive ion found inside a neuron
during its resting state.
Sodium potassium pump Correct Answer: Process by which ATP is used to move
sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions back into the cell; completely
restores the resting conditions of the neuron.
ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Central nervous system (CNS) Correct Answer: Nervous system subdivision that
is composed of the brain and spinal cord.
Somatic nervous system Correct Answer: Subdivision of the PNS that controls
voluntary activities such as the activation of skeletal muscles.
Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Correct Answer: Nervous system subdivision
that is composed of the cranial nerves and spinal nerves.
Autonomic nervous system Correct Answer: Subdivision of the PNS that regulates
the activity of the cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. It is also called the
involuntary nervous system because it controls body activities automatically. It is
very Important in maintaining homeostasis for the body.
Neuroglia Correct Answer: Cells that support, insulate, and protect neurons. These
cells are able to divide and are usually involved in brain tumors.
Neurons Correct Answer: Cells that transmit electrical message from one area of
the body to another area.
Axon Correct Answer: End of neuron that releases neurotransmitters away from
the cell body.
Dendrite Correct Answer: End of neuron that conducts electrical currents toward
the cell body.
Myelin Correct Answer: White, fatty material that covers long nerve fibers,
protecting and insulating the fibers, as well as Increasing the speed of impulse
transmission.
Cell body Correct Answer: Location of the nucleus in a neuron.
Schwann cells Correct Answer: Specialized cells that myelinate the fibers of
neurons found in the PNS.
, Synapse Correct Answer: Junction or point of close contact between neurons.
Tract Correct Answer: Bundle of nerve processes inside the CNS.
Nodes of Ranvier Correct Answer: Gaps in the myelin sheath between schwann
cells.
Ganglia Correct Answer: Collection of nerve cell bodies found outside the CNS.
Efferent neuron Correct Answer: Neuron that conducts impulses away from the
CNS to muscles and glands.
Stimuli Correct Answer: Changes, occurring within or outside the body, that affect
nervous system functioning.
Afferent neuron Correct Answer: Neuron that conducts impulses toward the CNS
from the body periphery.
Neurotransmitters Correct Answer: Chemicals released by neurons that stimulate
other neurons, muscles, or glands.
Depolarization Correct Answer: State in which the polarity of the neuron is
reversed as sodium ions rush into the neuron.
Polarized Correct Answer: Electrical condition of the plasma membrane of a
resting neuron when it is inactive. Has fewer positive ions sitting on its inner face
than on its outer face.
Repolarization Correct Answer: Period during which potassium ions diffuse out of
the neuron resulting in a return of the polarization to its resting state. .
Potassium ions Correct Answer: The chief positive ion found inside a neuron
during its resting state.
Sodium potassium pump Correct Answer: Process by which ATP is used to move
sodium ions out of the cell and potassium ions back into the cell; completely
restores the resting conditions of the neuron.
