Reactions Summary of WJEC Unit 4 Organic Chemistry

BENZENE Topic / Title / Name /
Prodmt

" Proton
③ Abstraction Reaction Name
Nitration eleltwphilil substitution
Electrophilic
attack It v02 v02
>




, ,g
②
Type of Reaction
↓
.wnHvs04
-




"
un

"" ° "
HNO>

→
n . -7
,

i 1-
,
'
→ + Hzsoy
special thermal conditions (heat / reflux
)
(all acid / alkaline hydrolysis not highlighted)
. . . ..




!
, ,j , , g, f- .
_
- catalyst
ug.name,
↳ all reflux
, ,n,
man ,,µµgmpµµ, ,, , ,, ,




Nitrobenzene exams
electrophile ( ) optional to include in
① Generation
of

21+2504-1 HNO} -71402++217504-+1+30
" 110 on exams /
- Reactions rarely appear
Not important
Halogenation eleitwphilil substitution
③ '+ - 4 PCl5( 5)
Allt} / FeBr ②

(
- .



}
-
absenwotnvlisht ~ a
↑ ↑ C1 504211)
I
anhynwnswnolitions Cl U÷> At
4→ Ai:-C/ Halogen ◦ alkane (1)
-


→
-

C1
-




→ -
+
Hcligl A
,
I 1- 1-
"
temp
fruity smell
room

Ll !
•




"
Estero) sweet
(
-




MU%
-
'
C' 2 - -
-

peaty ,+,
run with open Ben'Z0ilauA(s) - white Ppt
reagent
.




a- V1 : chlorobenzene white Ppt
g, g-
bottle of con NH} can
phenyl ethanoatl (s) -


↳ dense white tunes disinfectant smell
electrophile substitution phenol ,, -
crystalline solid -1
white
Alkylation
-
Nityclcg,
③ > ? CH]
2.4.6 tnibwmophe.no/csj-whiteppt-
antiseptic smell

/(
-

-


RCI ②
↑ chloride)4)
-




Acyl chlorine (ethanol
it CH]

cµ
AKI]
CINA (s) crystalline solid
-




I Amide R
Ai:-C/ I
-


HMMMM'W
-




a ⇒ at (\ → Cl -
+ → ,

1- HU (g) + A
-
,
stintytishsmelt hid
-


! Amine
temp i.
-




↓,
room
,
•




anhydrous bnolition) ,
- immiscible /it
phenylamine
, ,

c,
,
<




① A
CH} CI-
:#it } R methyl benzene tmtnednlt -
smellyfish smell
,
H C. =D
substitution
Acylation electrophilic
.




,
.




•
RCOCI
Alas
①
i
→ a-
Ii:-c , +
ÉÉ 1

→ :-, :
1-11-44) + 4-1-43
;
'
+
/
hehttorfominsp.1.ic.TT ,
i
' 1 R '
, .
.
.


Atcl} Cl
at 60%1 ,

acyl benzene
Halogenbenzene -5 Phenol Alkaline Hydrolysis 1- Acidification
Pistone .
cyclohexane + benzene ⇒ Brleag)
v1 0
-

Nat OH
CHU / Benzene - 2 immiscible layers torment utter
shaking
'+2504 )
Naoltcaql -
✗ colour
change occurs
Ht
350%-1 →
cyclohexane
- colour
change orange
→ brown
300ohm room temp _
white emulsion torn



phenol

ALCOHOL Alkenes Diol Oxidation

Formation of ethanol -

kMh04la4)
Industrial
(ethene) 4210410141 CHZCHZ
'


cHz=cHz + Hzot to] -7
1) Direct Hydration y y bit bit
I l
'

warm
11-3170419910" H
Hj=[ OH
•




H C - C -


H2O →
-


+
silica set catalyst ' '
H
I 1
H H H
•
300°C (g)
ethanol
-
60 toatm
-




2) Electrophilic addition -1 Hydrolysis lab
ethyl hydrogensulphate
② It H
-
con -42504 ①
H H ↑ it it it Hwa, I 1

H C C -
H 1- HLS
[ ¥0
' -

heat followed H C C-H
-

c- c- It → - -

µ
•


G- → _


I
by hydrolysis " ,
+

¥1050201T It OH

?-050201-1
* µ
"
◦
-050201-1 / \ ethanol
µ ,
b-

Formation of alcohols
from Halogenoalkane
-
Nucleophilic substitution Nucleophilic substitution

→ CHICHIOHICHZCH] -1 Nall Cag) Koltcay solvent )
CHSU-tclc-k.CH] 1- NaOH
.


-

Na0Hla91 -
'
warm
bnthn-2-01
roomtemp 2- chlorobutane
-




ipropanone solvent

Rednttion + Acid 1+4%4"'s 2°
carbonyl compounds secondary Alcohols
-

From ketone, →
Alcohols 1° ◦µ
Natltycaq) Aldehydes → Primary
ÉCH} CHSÉCH }
•




reducing agent °

( sodium ctbutzd-H-2.CH] → CHSCHZC OH -
at> + ZEH ] →

¥ 2- ◦ I
-

PP""
-
-



tetrnhydnidoborate ,_◦ I pwpnnone
-


propane
pwphnal OH

° -É
RhoA R
'
R
'

R R
µ
R

Reduction -1 Acid Hydrolysis
Carboxylic Acids
-

From
•

LIAIHY in dry
CHSCHZÉ -
OH -1 4TH] → CASCHZCHZ-01--1 1- H2O
ether solution
.H+

/
-

=
③ ◦
Td


(
② "
250491 19 a # -
, i
+ :O" H C - CH }
reflux → Ho c- CHS → c
→ H c- CH} →
-




[
< - -




lithium
aluminium
µ,
/ at} I
"
"
/
f- _
at} I
H
1
H
"
ethanol
:
hyaline ① -1
ELIAIH}]
-



LiAlH4→:H +



Fermentation Industrial
- Fwm sugar -




Cbltlzobiaq, -7261-1501-1 can -1210215
'
24M" )

anaerobic
ethanol
<


glucose
•
opt temp
. .




With sodium team lies thitherto the left
⇒ Position
◦
✓


Ht ↳ lower [Ht]
+ ,ag,
-


CHJCHZOHygfcltgc.HN cag,


2Ut3lHz0Hcag) -121494) Natcaq) 1- H2
-


→ 24-134+20 (g)

?⃝ ?⃝