Nursing 1 Fluid & Electrolytes QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT

Nursing 1 Fluid & Electrolytes QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT B. Encourage patient increase PO Fluids Correct Answer: What is an appropriate treatment for a patient with Sodium of 147 mg/dL? A.. Encourage patient increase salty foods B. Encourage Patient increase PO Fluids C. Encourage patient to ambulate 3-4 times per day C. Increase IV Fluids Hyponatremia Correct Answer: Intervention: -Decrease Diuretics because it promotes the production of urine -If _____ occurs w/fluid overload, need to give diuretic that PRESERVES Sodium. -Increase oral intake but decrease water intake. Hyponatremia Correct Answer: Treatment: -Restrict oral fluid intake until balanced -Administer NS (isotonic) IV -Administer hypertonic NaCl IV to put more salt into blood stream Hyponatremia Correct Answer: Signs & Symptoms Lab Values: -increase urine output -increase motility -decrease urine specific gravity -decrease cardiac output -decrease Sodium (135 mEq/L) Hyponatremia Correct Answer: Signs & Symptoms: -Normal BP -Anorexia -Nausea -Vomiting -Weakness in lower extremities -Lethargy -Confusion -Muscle cramps & twitching -Crackle sound in lungs -Pulmonary Edema -Cerebral Edema (Headaches) Hyponatremia (sodium) Correct Answer: Cause: -Loss of total body ____ -Movement of ___ from blood to other fluid spaces. -burns -excess water in plasma -GI fluid loss -Diuretics -Diaphoresis -wound drainage -Hyperlipidema -CHF -MS -Hyperglycemia 1. Sodium 2. Sodium & Water Correct Answer: Low _1.__ levels inhibit ADH and ANP secretion & stimulate aldosterone secretion. So a retention occurs in __2.__ 1. Sodium 2. Sodium & Water Correct Answer: High __1.__ levels stimulate ADH and ANP secretions & inhibit aldosterone secretion. So a loss is seen in __2.___ Fluid volume Deficit Correct Answer: -Occurs when the body loses water and electrolytes isotonically (in the same proportion) -serum electrolyte levels remain normal Fluid volume Deficit Correct Answer: state in which the body loses water and serum sodium levels increase Fluid volume Deficit Correct Answer: Causes: -vomiting -Diarrhea -GI suctioning -Sweating -Inadequate fluid intake -massive edema -major burns -ascites older adults forgetting to drink Fluid volume Deficit Correct Answer: Signs & Symptoms: -weight loss -decreased skin turgor -concentrated urine -dry and sticky mucous membranes -postural hypotension or weak, rapid pulse -bleeding -bowle obstruction -fever Fluid volume Deficit Correct Answer: Signs & Symptoms Lab Values: -Elevated BUN -Elevated Creatinine -Elevated Hemoglobin -Elevated Hematocrit -Increased Serum Osmolality Fluid volume Deficit Correct Answer: Treatment and Nursing Care: -Strict I&O -replacement of fluids isotonically, preferably orally -water is a hypotonic fluid -if IV hydration is needed, isotonic fluids are used. Fluid volume Excess Correct Answer: occurs when the body retains water and electrolytes isotonically Fluid volume Excess Correct Answer: state in which the body retains water and serum sodium levels decrease Fluid volume Excess Correct Answer: Causes: -Heart failure -renal failure -cirrhosis, liver failure -excessive ingestion of table salt overhydration with sodium-containing fluid poorly controlled IV therapy, especially in young and old clients Fluid volume Excess Correct Answer: Signs & Symptoms: -peripheral edema -increased bounding pulse -elevated BP -distended neck and hand veins -Dyspnea: moist crackles heard when lungs auscultated -attention loss -confusion -aphasia -altered level of consciousness Fluid volume Excess Correct Answer: Signs & Symptoms Lab Values: -Decreased BUN -Decreased hemoglobin -decreased hematocrit -decreased serum osmolality -decreased urine osmolality -decreased specific gravity Fluid volume Excess Correct Answer: Treatment & Nursing Care: -diuretics -fluid restriction -strict I&O -sodium-restricted diet -weighed daily -serum potassium monitored Homeostasis Correct Answer: -process of maintaing a relative state of equilibrium. -occurs in relation to maintenance of the composition of fluids. Kidneys Correct Answer: -selectively maintain and excrete body fluids -selectively retain needed substances and excrete unneeded -substances, such as electrolytes. -regulate pH by excreting or maintaining hydrogen ions and bicarbonate. -excrete metabolic wastes and toxic substances. Lungs Correct Answer: -rid the body of approximately 300mL of fluid per day and play a role in acid-base balance. -regulate carbon dioxide concentration Heart Correct Answer: pumps blood with sufficient force to perfuse the kidneys, allowing the kidneys to work effectively Adrenal Glands Correct Answer: secrete aldosterone, which causes sodium retention (resulting in water retention) and potassium excretion Parathyroid Glands Correct Answer: regulate calcium and phosphorus balance. Pituitary Gland Correct Answer: secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which causes the body to retain water Brain Natriuretic Peptide (BNP) Correct Answer: -secreted by the ventricles of the heart in response to excessive stretching of the heart muscle cells. -Decrease in systemic vascular res