Introduction To Sociology (Final Exam) QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ALL CORRECT

Introduction To Sociology (Final Exam) Norms are Correct Answer: Social rules that specify appropriate behavior in a given situation Achieved status is a social position Correct Answer: That individuals secure on the basis of choice and competition A subculture is Correct Answer: A group whose members participate in the main culture of a society, while simultaneously sharing a number of unique values, norms, traditions, and lifestyles Any violation of norms, whether good or bad is called Correct Answer: Deviance A condition in which members of a society have different amounts of wealth, prestige, or power is called Correct Answer: Social inequality Some elements of our society are socially constructed such as the social institutions, formal organizations, and bureaucracies. Which of the following is not a social construction? Correct Answer: Ethnic groups Gender groups Racial groups All of the above are social constructions A society is Correct Answer: A group of people who live within the same territory and share a common culture Sociologists such as George Herbert Mead, Erving Goffman, and Charles Horton Cooley believed that the development of the self - what makes us unique - is a result of Correct Answer: Our interaction with others If a person refuses to hire members of a particular ethnic group not because of a personal dislike of that ethnic group, but because he or she fear business clients will go elsewhere, this is Correct Answer: Discrimination without prejudice Mores are Correct Answer: Norms to which people attach a good deal of importance and expect strict conformity Which of the following is NOT, by sociologists, regarded as a characteristic of a minority group? Correct Answer: There are fewer of them than there are members of the dominant group Ethnocentrism refers to Correct Answer: Belief that one's culture is "the best"; therefore, will tend to judge the behaviors of other groups by the standards of one's own culture Socialization is the process Correct Answer: Of social interaction by which people acquire the knowledge, values, and behaviors essential for effective participation in society. A key element in sociological imagination is the ability to view one's society Correct Answer: As an outsider Which term is used to refer to the principle instruments/means whereby the essential tasks (functional prerequisites) of living are organized, directed, and executed? Correct Answer: Social institutions A proposition that can be tested to determine its validity is known as a Correct Answer: Hypothesis Social constructs and social definitions Correct Answer: Imply that meanings are produced in social interactions Which sociological perspective would view society as a system or living organism in which each part/component is related to each other and contributes to its overall survival and stability? Correct Answer: Functionalist perspective Values are Correct Answer: Broad ideas regarding what is desirable, correct, and good that most members of a society share Sociology is considered a science because sociologists Correct Answer: Engage in organized and systematic study of phenomena to enhance understanding Which is not a focus of sociology? Correct Answer: Chemical imbalances in people which lead to unusual behaviors Which sociological perspective looks for how social interactions take place and generalize about everyday forms of social interaction in order to understand society as a whole? Correct Answer: Interactionist perspective Which term is used to refer to the methods and strategies that regulate behavior in our society? Correct Answer: Social controls and/or sanctions Which sociological perspective focuses on the continual process of change? They tend to want to know "who benefits, who suffers, and who dominates at the expense of others in social relationships." Correct Answer: Conflict perspective The social heritage of people - including learned patterns of thinking, feeling, and action is known as Correct Answer: Culture A minority is defined as a category of people who are Correct Answer: set apart by that society and experience subordination (disadvantage). Edwin Sutherland's differential association theory links deviance to Correct Answer: the amount of contact a person has with others who encourage or discourage conventional behavior. Which of the following concepts refers to the practice of including people with disabilities in regular educational classes and programs? Correct Answer: mainstreaming Regardless of race, families headed by single women are Correct Answer: at high risk for poverty. The concept of "glass ceiling" refers to Correct Answer: the barrier that prevents women from being promoted. In the United States, romantic love Correct Answer: ∆ is the reason most people expect to marry. ∆ is not a very stable foundation for marriage. ∆ may contribute to a high divorce rate. ∆ All of these responses are correct.