NCLEX RN EXAM TEST BANK | 900 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

NCLEX RN EXAM 2022 TEST BANK 900 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS NCLEXRN-01-001 Question Tag: hypertension Question Category: Physiological Integrity, Reduction of Risk Potential Which individual is at greatest risk for developing hypertension? A. 45-year-old African-American attorney B. 60-year-old Asian-American shop owner C. 40-year-old Caucasian nurse D. 55-year-old Hispanic teacher Correct Answer: A: 45-year-old African American attorney Option A: African-Americans develop high blood pressure at younger ages than other groups in the US. Researchers have uncovered that African-Americans respond differently to hypertensive drugs than other groups of people. They are also found out to be more sensitive to salt, which increases the risk of developing hypertension. Option B: The incidence of hypertension in Asian-Americans does not appear to be significantly higher than the general population, according to limited US data. Option C: The racial disparity in hypertension and hypertension-related outcomes has been recognized for decades with African-Americans with greater risks than Caucasians. Option D: Hypertension prevalence rates in Hispanics may vary by gender and country of origin. Hispanic Americans overall have relatively low levels of hypertension, despite elevated levels of diabetes and obesity. NCLEXRN-01-002 Question Tag: acetaminophen Question Category: Physiological Integrity, Pharmacological and Parenteral Therapies A 15-year-old female who ingested 15 tablets of maximum strength acetaminophen 45 minutes ago is rushed to the emergency department. Which of these orders should the nurse do first? A. Gastric lavage B. Administer acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) orally C. Start an IV Dextrose 5% with 0.33% normal saline to keep the vein open D. Have the patient drink activated charcoal mixed with water Correct Answer: A. Gastric lavage Option A: Acetaminophen overdose is extremely toxic to the liver causing hepatotoxicity. Early symptoms of hepatic damage include nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea. If not treated immediately, hepatic necrosis occurs and may lead to death. Removing as much of the drug as possible is the first step in treatment for acetaminophen overdose, this is best done through gastric lavage. Gastric lavage (irrigation) and aspiration consist of flushing the stomach with fluids and then aspirating the fluid back out. This procedure is done in life-threatening cases such as acetaminophen toxicity and only if less than one (1) hour has occurred after ingestion. Option B: The oral formulation of acetylcysteine is the drug of choice for the treatment of acetaminophen overdose but should be done after GI decontamination with activated charcoal. Liver damage is minimized by giving acetylcysteine (Mucomyst), the antidote for acetaminophen. Acetylcysteine reduces injury by substituting for depleted glutathione in the reaction that converts the toxic metabolite of acetaminophen to its nontoxic form. When given within 8 hours of acetaminophen toxicity, acetylcysteine is effective in preventing severe liver injury. It is administered orally or intravenously. Option C: Intermittent IV infusion with Dextrose 5% may be considered for late-presenting or chronic ingestion. Option D: Oral activated charcoal (AC) avidly adsorbs acetaminophen and may be administered if the patient presents within 1 hour after ingesting a potentially toxic dose. Charcoal should not be administered immediately before or with antidotes since it can effectively adsorb it and neutralize the benefits. NCLEXRN-01-003 Question Tag: cardiac catheterization Question Category: Safe and Effective Care Environment, Management of Care Which complication of cardiac catheterization should the nurse monitor for in the initial 24 hours after the procedure? A. Angina at rest B. Thrombus formation C. Dizziness D. Falling blood pressure Correct Answer: B. Thrombus formation A thrombus formation may prevent blood from flowing normally through the circulatory system, which may become an embolism, and block the flow of blood towards major organs in the body. Option A: The reported incidence of myocardial infarction with angina at rest is less than 0.1%, and is mostly influenced by patient-related factors like the extent and severity of underlying cardiovascular-related diseases and technique-related factors. Options C & D: A falling BP and dizziness occur along with hemorrhage of the insertion site which is associated with the first 12 hours after the procedure. NCLEXRN-01-004 Question Tag: renal calculi, flank pain Question Category: Physiological Integrity, Basic Care and Comfort A client is admitted to the emergency room with renal calculi and is complaining of moderate to severe flank pain and nausea. The client’s temperature is 100.8 degrees Fahrenheit. The priority nursing goal for this client is: A. Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance B. Control nausea C. Manage pain D. Prevent urinary tract infection Correct Answer: C. Manage pain Managing pain is always a priority because it ultimately improves the quality of life. The cornerstone of ureteral colic management is analgesia, which can be achieved most expediently with parenteral narcotics or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Option A: IV hydration in the setting of acute renal colic is controversial. Whereas some authorities believe that IV fluids hasten the passage of the stone through the urogenital system, others express concern that additional hydrostatic pressure exacerbates the pain of renal colic. Option B: Because nausea and vomiting frequently accompany acute renal colic, antiemetics often play a role in renal colic therapy. Several antiemetics have a sedating effect that is often helpful. Option D: Overuse of the more effective antibiotic agents leaves only highly resistant bacteria, but failure to adequately treat a UTI complicated by an obstructing calculus can result in potentially life-threatening urosepsis and pyonephrosis. NCLEXRN-01-005 Question Tag: growth, school age Question Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance What would the nurse expect to see while assessing the growth of children during their school age years? A. Decreasing amounts of body fat and muscle mass B. Little change in body appearance from year to year C. Progressive height increase of 4 inches each year D. Yearly weight gain of about 5.5 pounds per year Correct Answer: D. Yearly weight gain of about 5.5 pounds per year School age children gain about 5.5 pounds each year and increase about 2 inches in height. Between ages 2 to 10 years, a child will grow at a steady pace. Option A: Decreasing amounts of body fat and muscle mass are common in toddlers. Option B: A decrease in the change in body appearance occurs among young adults. Option C: Growth spurts are common in school-age children, as are periods of slow growth. NCLEXRN-01-006 Question Tag: blood pressure Question Category: Health Promotion and Maintenance At a community health fair, the blood pressure of a 62-year-old client is 160/96 mmHg. The client states “My blood pressure is usually much lower.” The nurse should tell the client to: A. Go get a blood pressure check within the next 15 minutes B. Check blood pressure again in two (2) months C. See the healthcare provider immediately D. Visit the health care provider within one (1) week for a BP check Correct Answer: A. Go get a blood pressure check within the next 15 minutes. The blood pressure reading is moderately high with the need to have it rechecked after a few minutes to verify. The client states it is ‘usually much lower.’ Thus a concern exists for complications such as stroke. Options B & D: Waiting 2 months or a week for follow-up is too long. Option C: Immediate check by the provider of care is not warranted. NCLEXRN-01-007