Anatomical Planes and Terminology
· Sagittal: divides the body into left and right sections (archer)
· Transversal: divides the body into superior and inferior sections
· Coronal: divides the body into ventral and dorsal sections (crown)
· Superior/Inferior: up/down
· Cranial/Caudal: head/tail
· Anterior/Posterior: front/back
· Ventral/Dorsal: belly/back
· Distal/Proximal: close/afar
Body Cavities
· Dorsal Body Cavity: back of body
o Cranial Cavity: brain
o Spinal Cavity: spine
· Ventral Body Cavity: front of body
o Thoracic Cavity: between neck and diaphragm
§ Pleural Cavities: lungs
§ Mediastinum: between lungs and between sternum and spine
- Superior Mediastinum: above sternal ridge (nerves: vagal, left recurrent
laryngeal, phrenic, and sympathetic trunk)
o Thymus: primary lymphoid organ (superior and anterior
mediastinum)
o Arcus Aortae: aortic arch
§ Brachiocephalic trunk: branches into right common
carotid and subclavian
§ Left common carotid artery: to the head
§ Left subclavian artery: to the arm
o Brachiocephalic veins: from head and arm into vena cava
o Superior vena cava: major collector into heart
o Trachea: windpipe (NOT in posterior mediastinum)
o Esophagus: slokdarm
o Thoracic Duct: lymph drainage, left carotid and subclavian
o Nerves
§ Vagal nerves: wandering nerve, pneumogastric nerve, ear
to intestine, autonomic, tells to relax
§ Left recurrent laryngeal nerve: opposite of vagal, larynx
muscles, sensory and motor
§ Phrenic nerves: come from cervical axis, innervate
diaphragm
§ Sympathetic trunk: all symp. innervation
- Inferior Mediastinum: below sternal angle
o Anterior Mediastinum: In front of heart
§ Internal thoracic arteries and veins
§ Thymus
o Middle Mediastinum: heart
§ Pericardium: visceral (in) and parietal (out)
· Heart
, o Posterior Mediastinum: behind the heart
§ Esophagus: slokdarm
§ Thoracic Aorta: aorta located in thoracic cavity
§ Azygos vein: connection sup. and inf. vena cava. Brings
blood from thorax to heart (detour).
§ Hemiazygos vein: extra vein from iliac to azygos
§ Thoracic Duct: lymph drainage, left carotid and subclavian
§ Vagal nerves: wandering nerve, pneumogastric nerve, ear
to intestine, autonomic (parasymp?)
§ Sympathetic Trunk: all symp. Innervation
· Sagittal: divides the body into left and right sections (archer)
· Transversal: divides the body into superior and inferior sections
· Coronal: divides the body into ventral and dorsal sections (crown)
· Superior/Inferior: up/down
· Cranial/Caudal: head/tail
· Anterior/Posterior: front/back
· Ventral/Dorsal: belly/back
· Distal/Proximal: close/afar
Body Cavities
· Dorsal Body Cavity: back of body
o Cranial Cavity: brain
o Spinal Cavity: spine
· Ventral Body Cavity: front of body
o Thoracic Cavity: between neck and diaphragm
§ Pleural Cavities: lungs
§ Mediastinum: between lungs and between sternum and spine
- Superior Mediastinum: above sternal ridge (nerves: vagal, left recurrent
laryngeal, phrenic, and sympathetic trunk)
o Thymus: primary lymphoid organ (superior and anterior
mediastinum)
o Arcus Aortae: aortic arch
§ Brachiocephalic trunk: branches into right common
carotid and subclavian
§ Left common carotid artery: to the head
§ Left subclavian artery: to the arm
o Brachiocephalic veins: from head and arm into vena cava
o Superior vena cava: major collector into heart
o Trachea: windpipe (NOT in posterior mediastinum)
o Esophagus: slokdarm
o Thoracic Duct: lymph drainage, left carotid and subclavian
o Nerves
§ Vagal nerves: wandering nerve, pneumogastric nerve, ear
to intestine, autonomic, tells to relax
§ Left recurrent laryngeal nerve: opposite of vagal, larynx
muscles, sensory and motor
§ Phrenic nerves: come from cervical axis, innervate
diaphragm
§ Sympathetic trunk: all symp. innervation
- Inferior Mediastinum: below sternal angle
o Anterior Mediastinum: In front of heart
§ Internal thoracic arteries and veins
§ Thymus
o Middle Mediastinum: heart
§ Pericardium: visceral (in) and parietal (out)
· Heart
, o Posterior Mediastinum: behind the heart
§ Esophagus: slokdarm
§ Thoracic Aorta: aorta located in thoracic cavity
§ Azygos vein: connection sup. and inf. vena cava. Brings
blood from thorax to heart (detour).
§ Hemiazygos vein: extra vein from iliac to azygos
§ Thoracic Duct: lymph drainage, left carotid and subclavian
§ Vagal nerves: wandering nerve, pneumogastric nerve, ear
to intestine, autonomic (parasymp?)
§ Sympathetic Trunk: all symp. Innervation
