El Maestro Diseases (DONE)| 192 questions|
with complete solution A graded
1. What is Aplastic Anemia Correct Answer: Inability to bone marrow to form
adequate numbers of ALL TYPES of blood cells
-Cause is unknown (associated with exposure to benzene,
CHLORAMPHENICOL, viruses like HSV, EBV, HIV, parvovirus)
-MOST SERIOUS blood disorder associated with DRUG TOXICITY
-Signs/symptoms: pallor, fatigue, lightheadedness, malaise, vertigo, spontaneous
bleeding, bruising
**Oral signs/symptoms: oral mucosa petechiae, oral ulcerations, gingival
infections
**Treatment: remove causative agent, antibiotics, blood transfusion, androgenic
steroids (stimulate bone marrow),
immunomodulatory therapy, bone marrow transplantation
-Poor prognosis, 80% die within a year of diagnosis
Dicoumarol MOA Correct Answer: anti-coagulant that inhibits VITAMIN K
reductase & affects K-dependent coagulation factors
2. What is sickle cell anemia? Correct Answer: -Abnormal hemoglobin called
"sickle hemoglobin" or hemoglobin S
-Autosomal recessive
-Seen exclusively in BLACK patients. Periods of unusual stress or of O2
deficiency (hypoxia) can precipitate a sickle cell
crisis.
-Signs/symptoms: dyspnea, fatigue, pallor, muscle/joint pain, "HAIR ON END"
SKULL RADIOGRAPH, impaired kidney function, increased risk of strep
pneumoniae infections
**Oral signs/symptoms: dental radiograph may show enlarge marrow spaces but
are typically non-specific
**Treatment: supportive and prophylactic
-Sickle cell crisis: infection, hypothermia, hypoxia, dehydration
3. What is Pernicious anemia? Correct Answer: -Body can't make enough healthy
RBC b/c lack of vitamin B12 (FOLATE)
-They lack INTRINSIC factor, a protein made in the stomach. A lack of this
protein leads to vitamin B12 deficiency.
,4. What is Microcytic hypochromic anemia? Correct Answer: -IRON deficiency
anemia (MOST COMMON)
-RBCs are SMALLER than normal and do NOT contain enough Hb
5. What is Hemolytic anemia? Correct Answer: RBC are destroyed & bone
marrow can't produce fast enough
6. Which is NOT a contraindication for a patient w/ sickle cell anemia or
something like that?
a. Nitrous oxide
b. Infection
c. Trauma
d. Cold Correct Answer: Nitrous oxide
-Nitrous oxide is CI in PERNICIOUS anemia, damages spinal cord
7. Which hemoglobin is affected in sickle cell anemia? Correct Answer: S
8. Pt has sickle cell anemia & has a thrombolytic crisis, what could precipitate
this?
a. Nitrous oxide / oxygen use
b. Cold
c. Trauma
d. Infection Correct Answer: Cold
-Sickle cell anemia is seen exclusively in BLACK patients.
-Sickle cell crisis: infection, HYPOTHERMIA, hypoxia, dehydration
9. What disease is more predominate in MALES?
a. Mandibular dysostosis (Treacher Collins syndrome)
b. Hypothyroidism
c. Diabetes
d. Sickle cell anemia
e. Hemophilia Correct Answer: Hemophilia
10. Which one of the following effects MALES almost exclusively?
• hemophilia
• downs
• diabetes Correct Answer: Hemophilia
-it is carried by the female but only effects the male
, 11. Macrocytic anemia which vitamin deficient? A, B, C, D, E Correct Answer: B
12. Which one is microcytic anemia? Correct Answer: Fe deficiency anemia
13. MOA of anti-coagulants Correct Answer: -Antagonize Vitamin K to work &
prolong bleeding.
-INR used for Coumadin patients.
14.Warfarin MOA? Correct Answer: -Anti-coagulant that inhibits vitamin K
reductase in extrinsic pathway, , which resulting in depletion of the reduced form
of vitamin K
*****INR
15. Heparin MOA? Correct Answer: -Anti-coagulant that binds to ANTI-
THROMBIN II & prevents conversion of FIBRINOGEN TO FIBRIN
*******PTT
16. Hemophilia characteristics Correct Answer: -X-linked, recessive disorder
-Hemophilia A = Factor 8
-Hemophilia B = Factor 9
17. Pt is taking DICUMAROL, what are they being treated for? Correct Answer:
MI
18. Pt is taking WARFARIN (Coumadin), what test do you run prior to extraction
or surgery? Correct Answer: INR (= 2.0-3.0)
19. What is the best way to test clotting function on a patient taking Warfarin?
Correct Answer: INR
20. What INR is normal? Correct Answer: INR = 1 (12 seconds)
-The higher the INR, the greater the anticoagulant effect (more bleeding, higher PT
value)
21. What INR is OKAY to place implant? 2.5, 3.5, etc Correct Answer: 2.5
- Bleeding measurements:
*PTT 25-36 sec
*PT 5-7 sec
with complete solution A graded
1. What is Aplastic Anemia Correct Answer: Inability to bone marrow to form
adequate numbers of ALL TYPES of blood cells
-Cause is unknown (associated with exposure to benzene,
CHLORAMPHENICOL, viruses like HSV, EBV, HIV, parvovirus)
-MOST SERIOUS blood disorder associated with DRUG TOXICITY
-Signs/symptoms: pallor, fatigue, lightheadedness, malaise, vertigo, spontaneous
bleeding, bruising
**Oral signs/symptoms: oral mucosa petechiae, oral ulcerations, gingival
infections
**Treatment: remove causative agent, antibiotics, blood transfusion, androgenic
steroids (stimulate bone marrow),
immunomodulatory therapy, bone marrow transplantation
-Poor prognosis, 80% die within a year of diagnosis
Dicoumarol MOA Correct Answer: anti-coagulant that inhibits VITAMIN K
reductase & affects K-dependent coagulation factors
2. What is sickle cell anemia? Correct Answer: -Abnormal hemoglobin called
"sickle hemoglobin" or hemoglobin S
-Autosomal recessive
-Seen exclusively in BLACK patients. Periods of unusual stress or of O2
deficiency (hypoxia) can precipitate a sickle cell
crisis.
-Signs/symptoms: dyspnea, fatigue, pallor, muscle/joint pain, "HAIR ON END"
SKULL RADIOGRAPH, impaired kidney function, increased risk of strep
pneumoniae infections
**Oral signs/symptoms: dental radiograph may show enlarge marrow spaces but
are typically non-specific
**Treatment: supportive and prophylactic
-Sickle cell crisis: infection, hypothermia, hypoxia, dehydration
3. What is Pernicious anemia? Correct Answer: -Body can't make enough healthy
RBC b/c lack of vitamin B12 (FOLATE)
-They lack INTRINSIC factor, a protein made in the stomach. A lack of this
protein leads to vitamin B12 deficiency.
,4. What is Microcytic hypochromic anemia? Correct Answer: -IRON deficiency
anemia (MOST COMMON)
-RBCs are SMALLER than normal and do NOT contain enough Hb
5. What is Hemolytic anemia? Correct Answer: RBC are destroyed & bone
marrow can't produce fast enough
6. Which is NOT a contraindication for a patient w/ sickle cell anemia or
something like that?
a. Nitrous oxide
b. Infection
c. Trauma
d. Cold Correct Answer: Nitrous oxide
-Nitrous oxide is CI in PERNICIOUS anemia, damages spinal cord
7. Which hemoglobin is affected in sickle cell anemia? Correct Answer: S
8. Pt has sickle cell anemia & has a thrombolytic crisis, what could precipitate
this?
a. Nitrous oxide / oxygen use
b. Cold
c. Trauma
d. Infection Correct Answer: Cold
-Sickle cell anemia is seen exclusively in BLACK patients.
-Sickle cell crisis: infection, HYPOTHERMIA, hypoxia, dehydration
9. What disease is more predominate in MALES?
a. Mandibular dysostosis (Treacher Collins syndrome)
b. Hypothyroidism
c. Diabetes
d. Sickle cell anemia
e. Hemophilia Correct Answer: Hemophilia
10. Which one of the following effects MALES almost exclusively?
• hemophilia
• downs
• diabetes Correct Answer: Hemophilia
-it is carried by the female but only effects the male
, 11. Macrocytic anemia which vitamin deficient? A, B, C, D, E Correct Answer: B
12. Which one is microcytic anemia? Correct Answer: Fe deficiency anemia
13. MOA of anti-coagulants Correct Answer: -Antagonize Vitamin K to work &
prolong bleeding.
-INR used for Coumadin patients.
14.Warfarin MOA? Correct Answer: -Anti-coagulant that inhibits vitamin K
reductase in extrinsic pathway, , which resulting in depletion of the reduced form
of vitamin K
*****INR
15. Heparin MOA? Correct Answer: -Anti-coagulant that binds to ANTI-
THROMBIN II & prevents conversion of FIBRINOGEN TO FIBRIN
*******PTT
16. Hemophilia characteristics Correct Answer: -X-linked, recessive disorder
-Hemophilia A = Factor 8
-Hemophilia B = Factor 9
17. Pt is taking DICUMAROL, what are they being treated for? Correct Answer:
MI
18. Pt is taking WARFARIN (Coumadin), what test do you run prior to extraction
or surgery? Correct Answer: INR (= 2.0-3.0)
19. What is the best way to test clotting function on a patient taking Warfarin?
Correct Answer: INR
20. What INR is normal? Correct Answer: INR = 1 (12 seconds)
-The higher the INR, the greater the anticoagulant effect (more bleeding, higher PT
value)
21. What INR is OKAY to place implant? 2.5, 3.5, etc Correct Answer: 2.5
- Bleeding measurements:
*PTT 25-36 sec
*PT 5-7 sec
