El Maestro Patient Management (3)
used to compare whether the means of 2 groups are statistically different—assume that standard
deviation is unknown. Small sample size
a. T test
b. Z test
c. Chi-square test
d. ANOVA Correct Answer: a. T test
Chi-Squared = association b/t 2 categorical values
-gender vs preference of dogs vs cats
T-Test = statistical difference b/t 2 means; small sample size
-placebo vs tested group
Z-Test = statistical different b/t 2 means; large sample size
-placebo vs tested group
ANOVA = different b/t 2 or more means
Used to compare the means of 2 groups are statistically different if the variances like standard deviation
are known. Large sample size.
a. T test
b. Z test
c. Chi-square test
d. ANOVA Correct Answer: Z test:
Chi-Squared = association b/t 2 categorical values
-gender vs preference of dogs vs cats
T-Test = statistical difference b/t 2 means; small sample size
-placebo vs tested group
Z-Test = statistical different b/t 2 means; large sample size
-placebo vs tested group
ANOVA = different b/t 2 or more means
Tests correlation b/w two independent variables
a. T test
b. Z test
c. Chi-square test
d. ANOVA Correct Answer: c. Chi-square test
, Chi-Squared = association b/t 2 categorical values
-gender vs preference of dogs vs cats
T-Test = statistical difference b/t 2 means; small sample size
-placebo vs tested group
Z-Test = statistical different b/t 2 means; large sample size
-placebo vs tested group
ANOVA = different b/t 2 or more means
People with a condition (case) are compared to people without a condition (control) but who are similar
in other characteristics study that compares people that have the disease to people that do not have the
disease. Also, looks back to see how the risk for the disease is compared to actually getting that disease.
- start with disease and look backwards for exposure
- ex. How did people react to the new mouthwash vs nonusers
- only studies a certain group with a specific characteristic.
a. Case control study
b. Cohort study
c. Cross sectional study
d. Longitudinal Study
e. Clinical Trial Correct Answer: Case control study
Analytical epidemiology
Cross Section = prevalence
Case Control = odds ratio (people w vs people w/o)
Cohort = incidence & relative risk
TIMED study that looks at a certain set of people (same people) over a long period of time.
Hypothesis Generating Observational Studies
Descriptive studies - time, place, person
Ecologic studies - use groups rather than individuals
Correlation studies - measure linear relationship between two factors within defined groups, no cause
and effect established
Case control study
Cohort study
Cross sectional study
Longitudinal Study
Clinical Trial Correct Answer: Longitudinal Study
Use randomization and blinding to compare effects of treatment with non-treatment. This is the Gold
Standard for establishing
cause and effect.
used to compare whether the means of 2 groups are statistically different—assume that standard
deviation is unknown. Small sample size
a. T test
b. Z test
c. Chi-square test
d. ANOVA Correct Answer: a. T test
Chi-Squared = association b/t 2 categorical values
-gender vs preference of dogs vs cats
T-Test = statistical difference b/t 2 means; small sample size
-placebo vs tested group
Z-Test = statistical different b/t 2 means; large sample size
-placebo vs tested group
ANOVA = different b/t 2 or more means
Used to compare the means of 2 groups are statistically different if the variances like standard deviation
are known. Large sample size.
a. T test
b. Z test
c. Chi-square test
d. ANOVA Correct Answer: Z test:
Chi-Squared = association b/t 2 categorical values
-gender vs preference of dogs vs cats
T-Test = statistical difference b/t 2 means; small sample size
-placebo vs tested group
Z-Test = statistical different b/t 2 means; large sample size
-placebo vs tested group
ANOVA = different b/t 2 or more means
Tests correlation b/w two independent variables
a. T test
b. Z test
c. Chi-square test
d. ANOVA Correct Answer: c. Chi-square test
, Chi-Squared = association b/t 2 categorical values
-gender vs preference of dogs vs cats
T-Test = statistical difference b/t 2 means; small sample size
-placebo vs tested group
Z-Test = statistical different b/t 2 means; large sample size
-placebo vs tested group
ANOVA = different b/t 2 or more means
People with a condition (case) are compared to people without a condition (control) but who are similar
in other characteristics study that compares people that have the disease to people that do not have the
disease. Also, looks back to see how the risk for the disease is compared to actually getting that disease.
- start with disease and look backwards for exposure
- ex. How did people react to the new mouthwash vs nonusers
- only studies a certain group with a specific characteristic.
a. Case control study
b. Cohort study
c. Cross sectional study
d. Longitudinal Study
e. Clinical Trial Correct Answer: Case control study
Analytical epidemiology
Cross Section = prevalence
Case Control = odds ratio (people w vs people w/o)
Cohort = incidence & relative risk
TIMED study that looks at a certain set of people (same people) over a long period of time.
Hypothesis Generating Observational Studies
Descriptive studies - time, place, person
Ecologic studies - use groups rather than individuals
Correlation studies - measure linear relationship between two factors within defined groups, no cause
and effect established
Case control study
Cohort study
Cross sectional study
Longitudinal Study
Clinical Trial Correct Answer: Longitudinal Study
Use randomization and blinding to compare effects of treatment with non-treatment. This is the Gold
Standard for establishing
cause and effect.
