JMU Bio 140 Final Review QUESTIONS
AND ANSWERS| GRADED A
The negatively charged components of atoms are referred to as Correct Answer: electrons
A young girl is staring at the raindrops running down her window. She notices that the
raindrops remain more or less intact, even as they cascade down the windowpane. This is a
result of Correct Answer: hydrogen bonds between water molecules
With 4 distinct nucleotides, how many combinations are possible in a sequence of 6 nucleotides
Correct Answer: 4096
Amino acids can be spontaneously generated in vitro (in a laboratory), but only Correct Answer:
under anaerobic conditions
Central Dogma Correct Answer: DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Frederick Griffith Correct Answer: He demonstrated that some unknown substance can
transform a nonvirulent strain of bacteria to a virulent one
Promoters of many genes have mostly adenines and thymines. What is the most likely reason
for this high proportion of adenines and thymines? Correct Answer: This is the region where
template and nontemplate strands separate, and A-T base pairs require less energy to separate
than G-C base pairs
The interior region of a phospholipid bilayer is characterized as Correct Answer: hydrophobic
Which part of a cholesterol molecule is polar? Correct Answer: OH group (hydroxyl)
The movement of water across a cell plasma membrane into or out of a cell is an example of
Correct Answer: both osmosis and diffusion
In which eukaryotic organelle are various macromolecules broken down and destroyed?
Correct Answer: lysosome
The controlled release of cellular material stored in membrane-bound vesicles to the outside of
the cell is an example of Correct Answer: exocytosis
What is a pigment associated with chloroplasts that plays a role in energy harvesting? Correct
Answer: Chlorophyll
, Mitochondria use a simple sugar called pyruvate and ADP when they function. What do
mitochondria produce from those substrates? Correct Answer: ATP and carbon dioxide
During the citric acid cycle: ATP is synthesized by:
-substrate-level phosphorylation
-fuel molecules are completely reduced
-ATP is synthesized by oxidative phosphorylation
-high-energy electrons are removed from NAD+ and FADH Correct Answer: substrate-level
phosphorylation
One of the enzymatic results of the pyruvate oxidation stage of cellular respiration is the
reduction of _____ to _____
-acetyl-CoA; pyruvate
-pyruvate; acetyl-CoA
-pyruvate; CO2
-NADH; NAD+
-NAD+; NADH Correct Answer: NAD+; NADH
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in Correct Answer: bacteria and animals
Some bacteria run the citric acid cycle in reverse. Without any other modifications to the cycle,
what inputs would be required to do this? Correct Answer: CO2, FADH2, NADH, and ATP
Red blood cells in the human bloodstream do not have mitochondria. What metabolic process
would you predict these cells use to provide cellular energy/ATP? Correct Answer: Lactic acid
fermentation
The final (terminal) electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is Correct Answer: oxygen
What is a net product of glycolysis?
-2 CO2
-2 pyruvate
-4 ATP
-2 acetyl-CoA
-2 NAD+ Correct Answer: 2 pyruvate
What is a product (as opposed to a substrate) of at least one of the processes of cellular
respiration?
-glucose
-oxygen
AND ANSWERS| GRADED A
The negatively charged components of atoms are referred to as Correct Answer: electrons
A young girl is staring at the raindrops running down her window. She notices that the
raindrops remain more or less intact, even as they cascade down the windowpane. This is a
result of Correct Answer: hydrogen bonds between water molecules
With 4 distinct nucleotides, how many combinations are possible in a sequence of 6 nucleotides
Correct Answer: 4096
Amino acids can be spontaneously generated in vitro (in a laboratory), but only Correct Answer:
under anaerobic conditions
Central Dogma Correct Answer: DNA -> RNA -> Protein
Frederick Griffith Correct Answer: He demonstrated that some unknown substance can
transform a nonvirulent strain of bacteria to a virulent one
Promoters of many genes have mostly adenines and thymines. What is the most likely reason
for this high proportion of adenines and thymines? Correct Answer: This is the region where
template and nontemplate strands separate, and A-T base pairs require less energy to separate
than G-C base pairs
The interior region of a phospholipid bilayer is characterized as Correct Answer: hydrophobic
Which part of a cholesterol molecule is polar? Correct Answer: OH group (hydroxyl)
The movement of water across a cell plasma membrane into or out of a cell is an example of
Correct Answer: both osmosis and diffusion
In which eukaryotic organelle are various macromolecules broken down and destroyed?
Correct Answer: lysosome
The controlled release of cellular material stored in membrane-bound vesicles to the outside of
the cell is an example of Correct Answer: exocytosis
What is a pigment associated with chloroplasts that plays a role in energy harvesting? Correct
Answer: Chlorophyll
, Mitochondria use a simple sugar called pyruvate and ADP when they function. What do
mitochondria produce from those substrates? Correct Answer: ATP and carbon dioxide
During the citric acid cycle: ATP is synthesized by:
-substrate-level phosphorylation
-fuel molecules are completely reduced
-ATP is synthesized by oxidative phosphorylation
-high-energy electrons are removed from NAD+ and FADH Correct Answer: substrate-level
phosphorylation
One of the enzymatic results of the pyruvate oxidation stage of cellular respiration is the
reduction of _____ to _____
-acetyl-CoA; pyruvate
-pyruvate; acetyl-CoA
-pyruvate; CO2
-NADH; NAD+
-NAD+; NADH Correct Answer: NAD+; NADH
Lactic acid fermentation occurs in Correct Answer: bacteria and animals
Some bacteria run the citric acid cycle in reverse. Without any other modifications to the cycle,
what inputs would be required to do this? Correct Answer: CO2, FADH2, NADH, and ATP
Red blood cells in the human bloodstream do not have mitochondria. What metabolic process
would you predict these cells use to provide cellular energy/ATP? Correct Answer: Lactic acid
fermentation
The final (terminal) electron acceptor of the electron transport chain is Correct Answer: oxygen
What is a net product of glycolysis?
-2 CO2
-2 pyruvate
-4 ATP
-2 acetyl-CoA
-2 NAD+ Correct Answer: 2 pyruvate
What is a product (as opposed to a substrate) of at least one of the processes of cellular
respiration?
-glucose
-oxygen
