JMU BIO 150| 198 questions| with complete solutions
Population Correct Answer: group of organisms of the same species living in the same place
Population Genetics Correct Answer: study of properties of genes in populations
Allelic Frequency Correct Answer: Sum of allele/100
p Correct Answer: individuals homozygous first allele
2pq Correct Answer: individuals heterozygous for alleles
q Correct Answer: individuals homozygous for the second allele
Hardy-Weinberg Principle Correct Answer: Original proportions of genotypes in a population
will remain constant from generation to generation
-sexual reproduction (meisosis and fertilization) alone will not change allelic (genotypic)
proportions
Hardy Weinberg Principle 5 Assumptions Correct Answer: -the population size is large
-random mating is occuring
-No mutations take place
-No genes are input from other sources (no immigration)
-No selection occurs
Polymorphism Correct Answer: a locus with more variation than can be explained by mutation
Five Agents of Population Change Correct Answer: 1. Mutation
2. Gene Flow
3. Nonrandom Mating
4. Genetic Drift
5. Selection
Mutation Correct Answer: rates are generally so low that they have little effect on Hardy-
Weinberg proportions of common alleles
*ultimate source of genetic variation
Gene Flow Correct Answer: Movement of alleles from one population to another
-tend to homogenize allele frequencies
Nonrandom Mating Correct Answer: assortative mating: phenotypically similar individuals mate
Genetic Drift Correct Answer: Frequencies of particular alleles may change by chance alone
Founder Effect Correct Answer: Few individuals found new populations (small allelic pool)
,Bootleneck Effect Correct Answer: Drastic reduction in population and gene pool size
Artifical Selection Correct Answer: Breeders exert selection
Natural Selection Correct Answer: Nature exerts selection
-variation must exist among individuals
-variation must result in differences in number of viable offspring produced
variation must be genetically inherited
Fitness Correct Answer: The number of surviving offspring left in the next generation
-relation measure
-selection favors phenotypes with the greatest fitness
Natural Selection: Frequency Correct Answer: dependent selection
-phenotype fitness depends on its frequency within the population
Key elements of an organism's environment Correct Answer: !. temperature
2. water
3. sunlight
4. soil
Population Size Correct Answer: # of individuals making up its gene pool
Population Density Correct Answer: The number of individuals per unit of area or volume
Range Correct Answer: Size and type of area; boundaries determined by habitat
Metapopulations Correct Answer: A network of distinct populations interacting with each other
by exchanging individuals
-a degree of interaction depends on dispersal
-rate of extinction in habitats is balanced by the rate of colonization of empty habitats
-prevent long term extinction
Factors of Population Growth Correct Answer: 1. sex ratio
2. generation time
3. fecundity
4. moratlity rate
5. age structure
A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a:
A) Biosystem
B)Community
C)Population
D)Ecosystem
E)Family Correct Answer: C)Population
, Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant
chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into:
A)The energy of motion
B)Carbon dioxide and water
C)The potential energy of chemical bonds
D)Oxygen
E)Kinetic Energy Correct Answer: C)The potential energy of chemical bonds
The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is:
A)Light Energy
B)Kinteic Energy
C)Thermal Energy
D)Chemical Energy
E)ATP Correct Answer: A)Light Energy
Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic
material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?:
A)Animal
B)Plant
C)Archaea
D)Fungi
E)Protists Correct Answer: C)Archaea
To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of
DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?:
A)Evolution
B)Emergent Properties
C)Reductionism
D)The Cell Theory
E)Feedback Regulation Correct Answer: C)Reductionism
Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and fequency until delivery.
The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of regulation?:
A)A Bioinformatic System
B)Positive Feedback
C)Negative Feedback
D)Feedback Inhibition
E)Enzymatic Catalysis Correct Answer: B)Positive Feedback
When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and as a result, the blood
glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and,
as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result
of:
A)Catalytic Feedback
B)Positive Feedback
C)Negative Feedback
Population Correct Answer: group of organisms of the same species living in the same place
Population Genetics Correct Answer: study of properties of genes in populations
Allelic Frequency Correct Answer: Sum of allele/100
p Correct Answer: individuals homozygous first allele
2pq Correct Answer: individuals heterozygous for alleles
q Correct Answer: individuals homozygous for the second allele
Hardy-Weinberg Principle Correct Answer: Original proportions of genotypes in a population
will remain constant from generation to generation
-sexual reproduction (meisosis and fertilization) alone will not change allelic (genotypic)
proportions
Hardy Weinberg Principle 5 Assumptions Correct Answer: -the population size is large
-random mating is occuring
-No mutations take place
-No genes are input from other sources (no immigration)
-No selection occurs
Polymorphism Correct Answer: a locus with more variation than can be explained by mutation
Five Agents of Population Change Correct Answer: 1. Mutation
2. Gene Flow
3. Nonrandom Mating
4. Genetic Drift
5. Selection
Mutation Correct Answer: rates are generally so low that they have little effect on Hardy-
Weinberg proportions of common alleles
*ultimate source of genetic variation
Gene Flow Correct Answer: Movement of alleles from one population to another
-tend to homogenize allele frequencies
Nonrandom Mating Correct Answer: assortative mating: phenotypically similar individuals mate
Genetic Drift Correct Answer: Frequencies of particular alleles may change by chance alone
Founder Effect Correct Answer: Few individuals found new populations (small allelic pool)
,Bootleneck Effect Correct Answer: Drastic reduction in population and gene pool size
Artifical Selection Correct Answer: Breeders exert selection
Natural Selection Correct Answer: Nature exerts selection
-variation must exist among individuals
-variation must result in differences in number of viable offspring produced
variation must be genetically inherited
Fitness Correct Answer: The number of surviving offspring left in the next generation
-relation measure
-selection favors phenotypes with the greatest fitness
Natural Selection: Frequency Correct Answer: dependent selection
-phenotype fitness depends on its frequency within the population
Key elements of an organism's environment Correct Answer: !. temperature
2. water
3. sunlight
4. soil
Population Size Correct Answer: # of individuals making up its gene pool
Population Density Correct Answer: The number of individuals per unit of area or volume
Range Correct Answer: Size and type of area; boundaries determined by habitat
Metapopulations Correct Answer: A network of distinct populations interacting with each other
by exchanging individuals
-a degree of interaction depends on dispersal
-rate of extinction in habitats is balanced by the rate of colonization of empty habitats
-prevent long term extinction
Factors of Population Growth Correct Answer: 1. sex ratio
2. generation time
3. fecundity
4. moratlity rate
5. age structure
A localized group of organisms that belong to the same species is called a:
A) Biosystem
B)Community
C)Population
D)Ecosystem
E)Family Correct Answer: C)Population
, Organisms interact with their environments, exchanging matter and energy. For example, plant
chloroplasts convert the energy of sunlight into:
A)The energy of motion
B)Carbon dioxide and water
C)The potential energy of chemical bonds
D)Oxygen
E)Kinetic Energy Correct Answer: C)The potential energy of chemical bonds
The main source of energy for producers in an ecosystem is:
A)Light Energy
B)Kinteic Energy
C)Thermal Energy
D)Chemical Energy
E)ATP Correct Answer: A)Light Energy
Which of the following types of cells utilize deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as their genetic
material but do not have their DNA encased within a nuclear envelope?:
A)Animal
B)Plant
C)Archaea
D)Fungi
E)Protists Correct Answer: C)Archaea
To understand the chemical basis of inheritance, we must understand the molecular structure of
DNA. This is an example of the application of which concept to the study of biology?:
A)Evolution
B)Emergent Properties
C)Reductionism
D)The Cell Theory
E)Feedback Regulation Correct Answer: C)Reductionism
Once labor begins in childbirth, contractions increase in intensity and fequency until delivery.
The increasing labor contractions of childbirth are an example of which type of regulation?:
A)A Bioinformatic System
B)Positive Feedback
C)Negative Feedback
D)Feedback Inhibition
E)Enzymatic Catalysis Correct Answer: B)Positive Feedback
When the body's blood glucose level rises, the pancreas secretes insulin and as a result, the blood
glucose level declines. When the blood glucose level is low, the pancreas secretes glucagon and,
as a result, the blood glucose level rises. Such regulation of the blood glucose level is the result
of:
A)Catalytic Feedback
B)Positive Feedback
C)Negative Feedback
