BIOL 1002 Supplemental Instruction
Exam 1 Review
Chapter 19
Symbiotic relationship – close interaction between species in which one species lives in
or on the other
Organisms that produce disease are called pathogens
Viruses, viroids, and prions – are smaller than prokaryotes, are NOT living organisms
All viruses have a genome and capsid; some also have an envelope
Function of virus: take control of host cell to produce more virus particles
Bacteriophage – virus that infects bacteria
Viroid – small fragment of singlestranded RNA (ssRNA); no protein coat; same function
as virus; infect plants
Prion – protein particles; no genetic material; improperly folded version of normal
proteins
Chapter 20
Protists – all eukaryotic, mostly singlecelled
Old grouping of protists (based on nutrition)
· Plantlike = autotrophic (photosynthesis)
o Example: phytoplankton or algae
· Funguslike = heterotrophic (decomposers)
· Animallike = heterotrophic (hunters and symbiotic)
o Example: protozoans
Groups Subgroups
Excavates Diplomonads
· Flagella, feeding groove, · Freeliving or symbiotic
heterotrophic, lack mitochondria · Two nuclei
· Multiple flagella
· Ex: Giardia (caused by drinking
contaminated water, causes
diarrhea)
, BIOL 1002 Supplemental Instruction
Exam 1 Review
Parabasalids
· Anaerobic
· Symbiotic or parasitic
· Ex: Trichomanas vaginalis
(sexually transmitted)
Euglenozoans Euglenids
· Distinctive mitochondria · Mostly freshwater
· Flagella · 13 flagella
· Mixed nutritional methods · Primarily photosynthetic (can
switch to heterotrophic)
· Most lack rigid cell wall
· Eyespot – photoreceptor
Kinetoplastids
· 1 flagellum
· Freeliving or symbiotic
· Ex: Trypanosoma (causes sleeping
sickness)
Stramenopiles (Chromists) Water molds (Oomycota)
· Different forms (some live as · Cell can form colonies
multicellular colonies) · Filamentous
· Mixed nutritional methods · Heterotrophic decomposers
· Mobile gametes
· Ex: downy mildew
Diatoms (Chrysohyta)
· Freshwater or marine
· Photosynthetic
· Glasslike shells
Brown algae (Phaeophyta)
· Marine
· Accessory pigments cause brown
color
· Added polysaccharides in cell wall
· Cells can form colonies
· Gasbladders
Alveolates Dinoflagellates (Pyrrophyta)
· Mostly singlecelled · Mostly marine
· Mixed nutritional methods · 2 flagella
(including parasites) · Mostly photosynthetic
· Varied forms of motility · May have cellulose cell wall
· Red tides – cause massive killing
of fish on Gulf Coast
Exam 1 Review
Chapter 19
Symbiotic relationship – close interaction between species in which one species lives in
or on the other
Organisms that produce disease are called pathogens
Viruses, viroids, and prions – are smaller than prokaryotes, are NOT living organisms
All viruses have a genome and capsid; some also have an envelope
Function of virus: take control of host cell to produce more virus particles
Bacteriophage – virus that infects bacteria
Viroid – small fragment of singlestranded RNA (ssRNA); no protein coat; same function
as virus; infect plants
Prion – protein particles; no genetic material; improperly folded version of normal
proteins
Chapter 20
Protists – all eukaryotic, mostly singlecelled
Old grouping of protists (based on nutrition)
· Plantlike = autotrophic (photosynthesis)
o Example: phytoplankton or algae
· Funguslike = heterotrophic (decomposers)
· Animallike = heterotrophic (hunters and symbiotic)
o Example: protozoans
Groups Subgroups
Excavates Diplomonads
· Flagella, feeding groove, · Freeliving or symbiotic
heterotrophic, lack mitochondria · Two nuclei
· Multiple flagella
· Ex: Giardia (caused by drinking
contaminated water, causes
diarrhea)
, BIOL 1002 Supplemental Instruction
Exam 1 Review
Parabasalids
· Anaerobic
· Symbiotic or parasitic
· Ex: Trichomanas vaginalis
(sexually transmitted)
Euglenozoans Euglenids
· Distinctive mitochondria · Mostly freshwater
· Flagella · 13 flagella
· Mixed nutritional methods · Primarily photosynthetic (can
switch to heterotrophic)
· Most lack rigid cell wall
· Eyespot – photoreceptor
Kinetoplastids
· 1 flagellum
· Freeliving or symbiotic
· Ex: Trypanosoma (causes sleeping
sickness)
Stramenopiles (Chromists) Water molds (Oomycota)
· Different forms (some live as · Cell can form colonies
multicellular colonies) · Filamentous
· Mixed nutritional methods · Heterotrophic decomposers
· Mobile gametes
· Ex: downy mildew
Diatoms (Chrysohyta)
· Freshwater or marine
· Photosynthetic
· Glasslike shells
Brown algae (Phaeophyta)
· Marine
· Accessory pigments cause brown
color
· Added polysaccharides in cell wall
· Cells can form colonies
· Gasbladders
Alveolates Dinoflagellates (Pyrrophyta)
· Mostly singlecelled · Mostly marine
· Mixed nutritional methods · 2 flagella
(including parasites) · Mostly photosynthetic
· Varied forms of motility · May have cellulose cell wall
· Red tides – cause massive killing
of fish on Gulf Coast
