Health and Illness Final Exam
Concept: Inflammation
Describe acute inflammatory processes Correct Answer: •Immediate response to injury or
infection
•Redness, warmth, edema, pain
•migration of leukocytes from blood to tissues (source)
•Usually follows infection but not always
Concept: Inflammation
Describe the chronic inflammatory processes Correct Answer: •Continues weeks to years after
injury
•Tissue repeatedly destroyed and repaired
Concept: Inflammation
Describe auto-immune inflammatory processes Correct Answer: Disease occurs because the
body's natural defenses — the immune system — attack the body's own healthy tissue
Concept: Inflammation
How will the nurse recognize when an individual has inflammation Correct Answer: Redness,
warmth, edema, pain (acute)
Body aches, frequent infections, diarrhea, SOB (chronic)
Concept: Inflammation
What are risk factors for inflammation and populations at risk Correct Answer: •Everybody!
•More severe: very young; very old
•Immune system (immature/compromised) unable to respond/control pathogens; more severe
infections
•Uninsured/lack of healthcare access
•Autoimmune disorders
•Genetic predisposition
•Atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, DM, CA, obesity
•Poor sanitation, living conditions, nutrition
•Pollution, smoking, repeated trauma exposure
Concept: Inflammation
Describe adult and pediatric inflammation problems, including allergens and injury as causative
factors Correct Answer: Pediatric: Contact dermatitis, eczema
,Adult: Arthritis
Concept: Inflammation
What are primary interventions to eliminate inflammation Correct Answer: •Reduce risk for
injury/infection
•Hand washing, safety equipment, clean wound healing, environmental safety
Concept: Inflammation
What are secondary interventions to eliminate inflammation Correct Answer: •No screening -
Pure prevention is key!
Concept: Inflammation
What are tertiary interventions to eliminate inflammation Correct Answer: •Treat cause of
inflammation
-Acute: RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation), NSAIDs, immobilization devices- First 72
hours
-Chronic: prevent or slow tissue damage, support function, treat underlying cause
•Meds: glucocorticoids (prednisone), NSAIDs, analgesics, antimicrobials, etc.
•Nutritional therapy
Concept: Inflammation
What is the difference between inflammation and infection Correct Answer: Inflammation: The
body's protective response against infection
Infection: The invasion and multiplication of a pathogen within the body
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease etiology Correct Answer:
IBS can develop after a severe bout of diarrhea (gastroenteritis) caused by bacteria or a virus.
IBS might also be associated with a surplus of bacteria in the intestines (bacterial overgrowth)
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease at risk populations Correct
Answer: Adolescents and young adults between the ages of 15 and 35 are the most susceptible.
(25% before 18)
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease treatments Correct
Answer: - Medications -> alleviate inflammation; treat symptoms (aminosalicylates (5-ASA);
corticosteroids; immunomodulators; biologic therapies; and antibiotics)
- Surgery -> Majority with Crohn's disease 1 or more; UC fewer but 20% colectomy
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease complications Correct
Answer: (abscesses, obstruction, malnutrition, anemia) common
, - Colon cancer may be a serious complication of long-term UC or Crohn's (even when in
remission)
- Symptoms impact quality of Life: career choices, social relationships, stress
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease patient teachings Correct
Answer: Pt education is key!
- Episode/Flare Prevention
- Wound/ostomy care if applicable
- Importance of medication regimen
Referral to Support groups for emotional support
Nutrition:
- Oral fluids; low-residue, high-protein, high-calorie diet with supplemental vitamin therapy and
iron replacement *Diet highly individualized, esp during flares (avoid cold foods and smoking)
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease defining characteristics
Correct Answer: Exact cause unknown; Hereditary component (20% have a family member
with IBD)
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Ankle Sprain etiology Correct Answer: A SPRAIN is
"an injury to the ligaments and tendons that surround a joint"
Results in unstable joint, ruptured blood vessels, (bruising), edema
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Ankle Sprain treatment Correct Answer: R I C E (for
acute phase)
R= Rest (reduce risk of further injury)
I = Ice (first 72 hours for vasoconstrictive effect)
C= Compression (elastic preferred)
E= Elevation (above level of the heart)
NSAIDS (ibuprofen)
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Ankle Sprain patient teaching Correct Answer: Follow
RICE, rest your ankle and not place weight on it
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Ankle Sprain nursing teachings Correct Answer: After
72 hours:
- Intermittent heat, ultrasound therapy to promote healing
- Passive/active exercises at 2-5 days
- 3-6 weeks if severe
- May take months to heal due to low blood supply
Teach about prevention
Refer for rehabilitation
- Physical therapy
- Physiotherapy (stretches, strengthening exercises)
Concept: Inflammation
Describe acute inflammatory processes Correct Answer: •Immediate response to injury or
infection
•Redness, warmth, edema, pain
•migration of leukocytes from blood to tissues (source)
•Usually follows infection but not always
Concept: Inflammation
Describe the chronic inflammatory processes Correct Answer: •Continues weeks to years after
injury
•Tissue repeatedly destroyed and repaired
Concept: Inflammation
Describe auto-immune inflammatory processes Correct Answer: Disease occurs because the
body's natural defenses — the immune system — attack the body's own healthy tissue
Concept: Inflammation
How will the nurse recognize when an individual has inflammation Correct Answer: Redness,
warmth, edema, pain (acute)
Body aches, frequent infections, diarrhea, SOB (chronic)
Concept: Inflammation
What are risk factors for inflammation and populations at risk Correct Answer: •Everybody!
•More severe: very young; very old
•Immune system (immature/compromised) unable to respond/control pathogens; more severe
infections
•Uninsured/lack of healthcare access
•Autoimmune disorders
•Genetic predisposition
•Atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, DM, CA, obesity
•Poor sanitation, living conditions, nutrition
•Pollution, smoking, repeated trauma exposure
Concept: Inflammation
Describe adult and pediatric inflammation problems, including allergens and injury as causative
factors Correct Answer: Pediatric: Contact dermatitis, eczema
,Adult: Arthritis
Concept: Inflammation
What are primary interventions to eliminate inflammation Correct Answer: •Reduce risk for
injury/infection
•Hand washing, safety equipment, clean wound healing, environmental safety
Concept: Inflammation
What are secondary interventions to eliminate inflammation Correct Answer: •No screening -
Pure prevention is key!
Concept: Inflammation
What are tertiary interventions to eliminate inflammation Correct Answer: •Treat cause of
inflammation
-Acute: RICE (rest, ice, compression, elevation), NSAIDs, immobilization devices- First 72
hours
-Chronic: prevent or slow tissue damage, support function, treat underlying cause
•Meds: glucocorticoids (prednisone), NSAIDs, analgesics, antimicrobials, etc.
•Nutritional therapy
Concept: Inflammation
What is the difference between inflammation and infection Correct Answer: Inflammation: The
body's protective response against infection
Infection: The invasion and multiplication of a pathogen within the body
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease etiology Correct Answer:
IBS can develop after a severe bout of diarrhea (gastroenteritis) caused by bacteria or a virus.
IBS might also be associated with a surplus of bacteria in the intestines (bacterial overgrowth)
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease at risk populations Correct
Answer: Adolescents and young adults between the ages of 15 and 35 are the most susceptible.
(25% before 18)
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease treatments Correct
Answer: - Medications -> alleviate inflammation; treat symptoms (aminosalicylates (5-ASA);
corticosteroids; immunomodulators; biologic therapies; and antibiotics)
- Surgery -> Majority with Crohn's disease 1 or more; UC fewer but 20% colectomy
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease complications Correct
Answer: (abscesses, obstruction, malnutrition, anemia) common
, - Colon cancer may be a serious complication of long-term UC or Crohn's (even when in
remission)
- Symptoms impact quality of Life: career choices, social relationships, stress
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease patient teachings Correct
Answer: Pt education is key!
- Episode/Flare Prevention
- Wound/ostomy care if applicable
- Importance of medication regimen
Referral to Support groups for emotional support
Nutrition:
- Oral fluids; low-residue, high-protein, high-calorie diet with supplemental vitamin therapy and
iron replacement *Diet highly individualized, esp during flares (avoid cold foods and smoking)
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Inflammatory Bowel Disease defining characteristics
Correct Answer: Exact cause unknown; Hereditary component (20% have a family member
with IBD)
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Ankle Sprain etiology Correct Answer: A SPRAIN is
"an injury to the ligaments and tendons that surround a joint"
Results in unstable joint, ruptured blood vessels, (bruising), edema
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Ankle Sprain treatment Correct Answer: R I C E (for
acute phase)
R= Rest (reduce risk of further injury)
I = Ice (first 72 hours for vasoconstrictive effect)
C= Compression (elastic preferred)
E= Elevation (above level of the heart)
NSAIDS (ibuprofen)
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Ankle Sprain patient teaching Correct Answer: Follow
RICE, rest your ankle and not place weight on it
Explore the exemplars of inflammation: Ankle Sprain nursing teachings Correct Answer: After
72 hours:
- Intermittent heat, ultrasound therapy to promote healing
- Passive/active exercises at 2-5 days
- 3-6 weeks if severe
- May take months to heal due to low blood supply
Teach about prevention
Refer for rehabilitation
- Physical therapy
- Physiotherapy (stretches, strengthening exercises)
