PRINCIPLES OF GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
EDU101 (The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles)
FIRST SEMESTER
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
HEREDITY
● Growth and development is a ● Heredity is determined at the
continuous process, but it does not moment of conception.
proceed at a uniform rate. ● Variations occur because within
● It may be accelerated or retarded. the species there are differences.
● The process of growth and No two individuals are exactly
development are influenced by alike.
heredity and environment. ● Inheritance is not merely from the
● Growth is sequential. father and the mother, but also
● Human beings tend to develop in from the two lines of ancestry of
an orderly and predictable both families.
sequence. ● All hereditary qualities are not
● The infant gradually becomes apparent at birth.
mobile by lifting first his head, then ● Heredity involves a general
his chest, and then his abdomen. capacity to do certain things rather
● Development is a product of than a specific ability, that is, what
maturation and learning. is inherited is the total of
● The various aspects of potentialities which can manifest
development are integrated. themselves only in the course of
● For example, gains in one phase of development under suitable
growth depend on gains in other conditions.
aspects, like emotional growth ● Acquired characteristics are not
depending on social growth and inherited.
cognitive development depending
on physical growth.
APPROACHES TO HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
PRINCIPLE OF DIRECTIONALITY
TRADITIONAL
● Development governed by
maturation has a clear ● Human development shows
directionality. extensive change from birth to
● In the case of fetal development, adolescence, little or no change in
there are two directions. adulthood and decline in the late
old age.
★ CEPHALOCAUDAL
- development proceeds from the LIFE-SPAN
head downward.
● Human development occurs all
★ PROXIMODISTAL throughout the life-span of an
- from the trunk outward. individual.
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EDU101 (The Child and Adolescent Learners and Learning Principles)
FIRST SEMESTER
GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT GENERAL PRINCIPLES OF
HEREDITY
● Growth and development is a ● Heredity is determined at the
continuous process, but it does not moment of conception.
proceed at a uniform rate. ● Variations occur because within
● It may be accelerated or retarded. the species there are differences.
● The process of growth and No two individuals are exactly
development are influenced by alike.
heredity and environment. ● Inheritance is not merely from the
● Growth is sequential. father and the mother, but also
● Human beings tend to develop in from the two lines of ancestry of
an orderly and predictable both families.
sequence. ● All hereditary qualities are not
● The infant gradually becomes apparent at birth.
mobile by lifting first his head, then ● Heredity involves a general
his chest, and then his abdomen. capacity to do certain things rather
● Development is a product of than a specific ability, that is, what
maturation and learning. is inherited is the total of
● The various aspects of potentialities which can manifest
development are integrated. themselves only in the course of
● For example, gains in one phase of development under suitable
growth depend on gains in other conditions.
aspects, like emotional growth ● Acquired characteristics are not
depending on social growth and inherited.
cognitive development depending
on physical growth.
APPROACHES TO HUMAN
DEVELOPMENT
PRINCIPLE OF DIRECTIONALITY
TRADITIONAL
● Development governed by
maturation has a clear ● Human development shows
directionality. extensive change from birth to
● In the case of fetal development, adolescence, little or no change in
there are two directions. adulthood and decline in the late
old age.
★ CEPHALOCAUDAL
- development proceeds from the LIFE-SPAN
head downward.
● Human development occurs all
★ PROXIMODISTAL throughout the life-span of an
- from the trunk outward. individual.
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