MT RT 201: MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
LECTURE 1: BODY PARTS AND BASIC TERMINOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: ANNA MAE ABARCA
FIRST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022 - 2023
BODY PARTS BODY CAVITIES
DIRECTIONAL TERMS
ANTERIOR
MEDIAL
(VENTRAL)
POSTERIOR
LATERAL
(DORSAL)
CEPHALAD
PROXIMAL
(CRANIAL)
DISTAL CAUDAL
SUPERFICIAL
SUPERIOR
(EXTERNAL)
DEEP
INFERIOR
(INTERNAL)
Abdominal Cavity
Anatomic Position
- The large ventral cavity below the diaphragm
- Standard position for anatomical studies, in which
and above the pelvic cavity
the body is erect and facing forward, the arms
are at the sides with palms forward, and the feet
Abdominopelvic Cavity
are parallel
- The large ventral cavity between the diaphragm
and pelvis that includes the abdominal and
ANATOMICAL PLANES
pelvic cavities
Cranial Cavity
- The dorsal cavity that contains the brain
Diaphragm
- The muscle that separates the thoracic from the
abdominal cavity
Pelvic Cavity
- The ventral cavity that is below the abdominal
cavity
FRONTAL TRANVERSE
SAGITTAL
(CORONAL (HORIZONTAL
PLANE NINE REGIONS AND 4 QUADRANTS
PLANE) PLANE)
plane at right arbitrary horizontal plane
angle to the vertical plane at right angles to
sagittal plane passing the sagittal and
that divides the through the frontal planes,
body into body parallel slicing the body
anterior (front) to the midline, into a superior
and posterior slicing (upper) and
(back) portions. longitudinally inferior (lower)
into right and portions.
left parts.
, MT RT 201: MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
LECTURE 1: BODY PARTS AND BASIC TERMINOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: ANNA MAE ABARCA
FIRST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022 - 2023
BASIC TERMINOLOGY CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES
Pathology is the study of disease processes. All diseases of the body are produced by an alteration
either in structure or in function of an organ or system.
Etiology is the study of the cause pf disease and often
misused as a synonym for the actual cause of the • STRUCTURAL DISEASE also known aa organic
disease. disease involves physical & biochemical changes
within the cell. Physical changes are known as
Disease is any abnormal change in the function or lesions.
structure within the body. It is a morbid process, usually
having specific characteristics symptoms & physical signs. This is caused by
A disease can primarily affect one or more organs, or can Genetic & abnormalities in the genetic
target one organ & affect another secondarily. developmental make–up of the individual
diseases and abnormalities due to
Pathogenesis is the sequence of events that leads from change in utero.
the causes of a disease, to abnormalities, and finally to The range of abnormalities in
manifestations. this category extends from
deformities present at birth.
Congenital
Diagnosis is the determination of the disease an individual And changes caused by
Abnormalities
is believed to have. Prognosis is the predicted course of genes but influenced by the
disease and the prospects for the patient’s recovery. environment so that they are
not manifested later in life.
A patient is evaluated by various procedures such as This results from
Barium Enema ( or an Arthrogram. developmental disorders
Hereditary
genetically transmitted from
Disease
An analysis of specimens taken from patient, such as either parent to the child &
blood or excrement can also help determine the disease are derived from ancestors.
process, these are known as tests. These diseases caused by
Acquired internal or external agents
The term manifestations refers to the observed changes in Injuries and that destroy cells or cause
the patient that are caused by the disease, namely Inflammatory the body to injure itself by
symptoms and signs. Disease means of inflammatory
process.
A symptom is the patient’s perception of the disease
such as headache or abdominal pain. It is subjective & • FUNCTIONAL DISEASE is a type of disease in which
only the patient can identify them. the function of the organ maybe impaired, but its
structural elements are unchanged.
A written description of symptoms in a patient’s record is
referred to as the history. The basic change is a physiologic or functional
one & is referred to as a PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC
Signs are objective manifestations that are physically CHANGE.
observed by the health examiner.
Example: mass, rash, or abnormal pulse rate The onset begins without any lesions wherein
diseases triggered by psychic or
A cluster of findings that characterize a specific abnormal psychophysiologic factors. Many mental illness
disturbance is known as syndrome. are considered functional disorders.
All disease processes are measured by: Most common are tension headache and
functional bowel syndrome, disorders that are
Frequency – is the rate of occurrence of the pathologic caused by unconscious stimulation of the
process that is measured over a given period of time, autonomic nervous system.
normally 1 year.
Incidence – is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a
disease in 1 year.
Prevalence – is the number of people who have any
given disease at any given point in time.
LECTURE 1: BODY PARTS AND BASIC TERMINOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: ANNA MAE ABARCA
FIRST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022 - 2023
BODY PARTS BODY CAVITIES
DIRECTIONAL TERMS
ANTERIOR
MEDIAL
(VENTRAL)
POSTERIOR
LATERAL
(DORSAL)
CEPHALAD
PROXIMAL
(CRANIAL)
DISTAL CAUDAL
SUPERFICIAL
SUPERIOR
(EXTERNAL)
DEEP
INFERIOR
(INTERNAL)
Abdominal Cavity
Anatomic Position
- The large ventral cavity below the diaphragm
- Standard position for anatomical studies, in which
and above the pelvic cavity
the body is erect and facing forward, the arms
are at the sides with palms forward, and the feet
Abdominopelvic Cavity
are parallel
- The large ventral cavity between the diaphragm
and pelvis that includes the abdominal and
ANATOMICAL PLANES
pelvic cavities
Cranial Cavity
- The dorsal cavity that contains the brain
Diaphragm
- The muscle that separates the thoracic from the
abdominal cavity
Pelvic Cavity
- The ventral cavity that is below the abdominal
cavity
FRONTAL TRANVERSE
SAGITTAL
(CORONAL (HORIZONTAL
PLANE NINE REGIONS AND 4 QUADRANTS
PLANE) PLANE)
plane at right arbitrary horizontal plane
angle to the vertical plane at right angles to
sagittal plane passing the sagittal and
that divides the through the frontal planes,
body into body parallel slicing the body
anterior (front) to the midline, into a superior
and posterior slicing (upper) and
(back) portions. longitudinally inferior (lower)
into right and portions.
left parts.
, MT RT 201: MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
LECTURE 1: BODY PARTS AND BASIC TERMINOLOGY
INSTRUCTOR: ANNA MAE ABARCA
FIRST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022 - 2023
BASIC TERMINOLOGY CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASES
Pathology is the study of disease processes. All diseases of the body are produced by an alteration
either in structure or in function of an organ or system.
Etiology is the study of the cause pf disease and often
misused as a synonym for the actual cause of the • STRUCTURAL DISEASE also known aa organic
disease. disease involves physical & biochemical changes
within the cell. Physical changes are known as
Disease is any abnormal change in the function or lesions.
structure within the body. It is a morbid process, usually
having specific characteristics symptoms & physical signs. This is caused by
A disease can primarily affect one or more organs, or can Genetic & abnormalities in the genetic
target one organ & affect another secondarily. developmental make–up of the individual
diseases and abnormalities due to
Pathogenesis is the sequence of events that leads from change in utero.
the causes of a disease, to abnormalities, and finally to The range of abnormalities in
manifestations. this category extends from
deformities present at birth.
Congenital
Diagnosis is the determination of the disease an individual And changes caused by
Abnormalities
is believed to have. Prognosis is the predicted course of genes but influenced by the
disease and the prospects for the patient’s recovery. environment so that they are
not manifested later in life.
A patient is evaluated by various procedures such as This results from
Barium Enema ( or an Arthrogram. developmental disorders
Hereditary
genetically transmitted from
Disease
An analysis of specimens taken from patient, such as either parent to the child &
blood or excrement can also help determine the disease are derived from ancestors.
process, these are known as tests. These diseases caused by
Acquired internal or external agents
The term manifestations refers to the observed changes in Injuries and that destroy cells or cause
the patient that are caused by the disease, namely Inflammatory the body to injure itself by
symptoms and signs. Disease means of inflammatory
process.
A symptom is the patient’s perception of the disease
such as headache or abdominal pain. It is subjective & • FUNCTIONAL DISEASE is a type of disease in which
only the patient can identify them. the function of the organ maybe impaired, but its
structural elements are unchanged.
A written description of symptoms in a patient’s record is
referred to as the history. The basic change is a physiologic or functional
one & is referred to as a PATHOPHYSIOLOGIC
Signs are objective manifestations that are physically CHANGE.
observed by the health examiner.
Example: mass, rash, or abnormal pulse rate The onset begins without any lesions wherein
diseases triggered by psychic or
A cluster of findings that characterize a specific abnormal psychophysiologic factors. Many mental illness
disturbance is known as syndrome. are considered functional disorders.
All disease processes are measured by: Most common are tension headache and
functional bowel syndrome, disorders that are
Frequency – is the rate of occurrence of the pathologic caused by unconscious stimulation of the
process that is measured over a given period of time, autonomic nervous system.
normally 1 year.
Incidence – is the number of newly diagnosed cases of a
disease in 1 year.
Prevalence – is the number of people who have any
given disease at any given point in time.
