MT RT 201 Medical Terminologies Midterm Transes

MT RT 201: MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
MIDTERM LECTURE 1: BREAST
INSTRUCTOR: ANNA MAE R. ABARCA, RRT, MSRT (iP)
FIRST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022 - 2023

BREAST




NORMAL BREAST TISSUE




• Breast has an inhomogeneous structure which is
predominantly composed of adipose tissue and
glandular tissue.
• In addition, there are also suspensory Cooper's
ligaments and connective tissue such as
collagen and elastin.
• The adult breast has nearly 14-18 lactiferous
lobes which drain into lactiferous ducts which Normal breast tissue showing:
further converge to drain at the nipple-areola • The premammary zone (skin and overlying breast
complex. fat)
• The mammary zone (fibroglandular tissue)
SONOGRAPHIC APPEARANCE • The retro-mammary zone (predominantly fat and
the muscles of the chest wall)

NORMAL LACTATING BREAST TISSUE




Note:
✓ Anechoic: Structures appear black, meaning no The prominent fluid filled ducts and their echogenic
internal echoes. Examples include cysts, vessels, epithelial lining is readily visible.
gallbladder ascites and water.
✓ Hypoechoic: Gives off fewer echoes; they are darker COMMON PATHOLOGIES
than surrounding structures. Examples include lymph
nodes and tumors. Causing wage pain or discomfort
✓ Hyperechoic: Increased density of sound waves Breast cyst
and slightly tender on palpation.
compared to surrounding structures. Examples Is a painful build-up of pus in the
include bone and fat calcifications. breast caused by an infection. It
Abscess
mainly affects women who are
• Glandular tissue appears variably hyperechoic breastfeeding.
and fat appears hypoechoic. An inflammatory condition of the
• Ducts appear as regular interspersed tubular, breast that may occur in
hypoechoic structures. Puerperal breastfeeding women during the

, MT RT 201: MEDICAL TERMINOLOGY
MIDTERM LECTURE 1: BREAST
INSTRUCTOR: ANNA MAE R. ABARCA, RRT, MSRT (iP)
FIRST SEMESTER | A.Y. 2022 - 2023

a milky substance that is usually BREAST CYST
located in the mammary glands.
Results from excess proliferation of Breast cysts are fluid-filled sacs inside the breast, which
Fibroadenoma
connective tissue. are usually not cancerous (benign).
Is a benign, focal malformation that
Hamartoma resembles a neoplasm in the tissue of
its origin.
Large, fast-growing masses that form
Phyllodes
from the periductal stromal cells of
tumor/
the breast. They account for less than
Phyllodes
1% of all breast neoplasms.
Lump in the breast, a change in
breast shape, dimpling of the skin,
fluid coming from the nipple, or a red
Breast scaly patch of skin. In those with
carcinoma distant spread of the disease, there
may be bone pain, swollen lymph
nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow
skin. US shows a mass which appears well-
Benign epithelial tumor growing circumscribed, with anechoic
exophytically (outwardly projecting) Simple cyst contents, thin echogenic exterior
Papilloma (A) capsule, enhanced through-
in nipple-like and often finger-
like fronds. transmission, subtle acoustic
shadowing at the edges.
Complicated US shows that the content is not purely
cyst anechoic (like a simple cyst), but there
(B) are diffused echoes of low amplitude.
Complex US shows a well-circumscribed
cyst anechoic mass containing solid
(C) components.
Cysts with US shows an anechoic mass with sharp
sediment margins and posterior hyperechoic
(D) sediment.

ABSCESS

A breast abscess is a localized collection of pus in the
breast tissue. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection.
Breast infections, including mastitis