Summary Problem 3 Neurotransmitter

Types of neurotransmitter
-Large neurotransmitter
- Neuropeptides Shortamino acid chains
 Synthesized on ribosomes in Cell body
 Packaged from golgi complex in cell body
 Transported to buttons by microtubules
 Stored a little more far away from
presynaptic membrane than small
neurotransmitter
 Only bind to metabotropic receptors that
act through second messenger
 Slow, diffuse, long lasting effect
 Pituitary peptides
 Hypothalamic
peptides
 Brain-gut peptides
 Opioid peptides/ Similar structure than active part of opium
endorphins
 Miscellaneous All that doesn’t fit in other category
peptides

-Small neurotransmitter  Synthesized in cytoplasm of terminal
button
 Packaged by golgi complex in terminal
button
 Vesicles are stored near the presynaptic
membrane
 Bind to ionotropic receptors or
metabotropic receptors that directly act on
ion channel
 Responsible for brief excitatory or
inhibitory signals
- Amino acid Big majority in fast-acting, directed synapses
o GABA Synthesized by a modification of glutamate
 Inhibitory neurotransmitter (potassium out
or Cl- in)
o Glutamate Common in proteins we consume
 Excitatory neurotransmitter
- Monoamine Each is synthesized from a single amino acid
 Larger than amino acid and more diffuse
effect
 Located in small groups of neurons which
have cell bodies in brain stem
o Catecholamine Each is synthesized from amino acid tyrosine
s
 Dopamin Look at picture
e
 Noradren