Statiscs (STA 2023) Final Exam Question and Answer 100% correct

Statistics Correct Answer: Collection of methods for planning experiments, obtaining data, organizing, summarizing, presenting, analyzing, interpreting, and drawing conclusions based on data. Descriptive Statistics Correct Answer: statistics that summarize the data collected in a study inferential statistics Correct Answer: techniques and methods that allow us to use samples to make generalizations about the populations from which the samples were drawn Population Correct Answer: a complete collection of all elements under statistical analysis Parameter Correct Answer: any numerical measurement related to a population Sample Correct Answer: randomly selected elements from the population Statistic Correct Answer: any numerical measurement related to a sample Data Correct Answer: the values or informations that we have obtained Observational study Correct Answer: when we only observe and measure specific characteristics but make no attempt to modify Experimental Study Correct Answer: when we apply some treatment and observe its effect Variables Correct Answer: the characteristics of the data that we have collected qualitative variable Correct Answer: variables that deal with quantity and cannot be measured; arrange individuals into categories according to shared qualities or characteristics quantitative variables Correct Answer: variables that deal with numbers and quantity; provide some sort of measurement, like how much or many Discrete variables Correct Answer: quantitative variables that will assume only values in a discrete set like the set of integers (counted) Continuous variables Correct Answer: variables that usually fall along a continuum and allow for fractional amounts Nominal Correct Answer: existing in name only (license plate number, name of school, color of eyes, hair color) Ordinal Correct Answer: rank, order (grades, top 10 ranks, movie ratings) Interval Correct Answer: addition or subtraction arithmetic operations are meaningful (room temperature, range for grading policy, race time or sporting events) Ratio Correct Answer: divide one value by another value and that ratio is meaningful and has a natural starting point ( income salary, years of working experience, heights of athletes) Sampling method Correct Answer: a strategy on how to select a sample from within a general population while eliminating bias in the selection process Simple Random Sampling Correct Answer: every member of the population being studied has an equal chance of being selected