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Question 1
Question The Belmont principle of beneficence requires that:
Your Answer Potential benefits justify the risks of harm.
Result Correct
Comment The Belmont principle of beneficence requires that potential benefits
justify the risks of harm.
Question 2
Question Which of the following is an example of how the principle of
beneficence is applied to a study involving human subjects?
Your Answer Ensuring that risks are reasonable in relationship to anticipated
benefits
Result Correct
Comment The principle of beneficence requires that risks are reasonable in
relationship to anticipated benefits. The principle of respect for
persons requires that subjects understand that participation is
voluntary and that they are provided detailed information about the
study before giving consent to participate. The principle of justice
requires that the selection of subjects is fair.
Question 3
Question Humphreys collecting data for the Tearoom Trade study under the
pretense that he was a lookout is an example of a violation of the
principle of:
Your Answer Respect for persons
Result Correct
Comment Humphreys collecting data for the Tearoom Trade study while posing
, as a lookout is an example of a violation of the principle of respect
for persons. Respect for persons requires that subjects freely choose
to participate in research (voluntariness) and that they are
adequately informed about a study (informed consent).
Question 4
Question The researcher’s failure to protect research subjects from
deductive disclosure is the primary ethical violation in which of the
following studies?
Your Answer The Tuskegee study
Result Incorrect
Correct Answer "Tastes, Ties, and Time (T3)" study (2006-2009)
Comment Although no students were identified by name in the T3 study,
some data were specific enough to allow for re-identification of
students by an outside researcher. This is an example of the
failure to protect subjects from deductive disclosure of their
identities. The primary ethical problems of the other studies
include physical harms and unanticipated psychological harm.
Question 5
Question Which of the following studies is linked most directly to the
establishment of the National Research Act in 1974 and ultimately
to the Belmont Report and federal regulations for human subject
protection?
Your Answer Stanford Prison Experiment (Zimbardo)
Result Incorrect
Correct Answer The Public Health Service Study of Untreated Syphilis
Comment The Public Health Service Study of Untreated Syphilis is linked
most directly to the establishment of the National Research Act in
1974 and ultimately to the Belmont Report and federal regulations
for human subject protection.
, Question 1
Question According to the federal regulations, human subjects are living
individuals about whom an investigator conducting research obtains
information through interaction or intervention with the individual, and
uses, studies, or analyzes the information; or:
Your Answer Obtains, uses, studies, analyzes, or generates identifiable private
information.
Result Correct
Comment In order to meet the definition of research with human subjects a
researcher must obtain data about a living individual through
interaction or intervention or, alternatively, obtain individually
identifiable private information. If a researcher
obtains public information or de-identified information about
individuals, and has not interacted or intervened with the individuals,
those individuals are not considered human subjects for the purposes
of the research.
Question 2
Question Census data (the final report as published by the Census Bureau) is
an example of:
Your Answer Public information
Result Correct
Comment Census data is a public source of data, and an individual could not
reasonably expect it would not be made public.
Question 3
Question According to the federal regulations, which of the following studies
meets the definition of research with human subjects?
Your Answer A study of twenty 4th grade classrooms in which researchers ask the
, schools to systematically vary the time of day reading is taught, and collect
weekly assessments of reading comprehension for each child over a three-
month period.
Result Correct
Comment The study in the 4th grade classrooms about the relationship between
the time of day reading is taught and reading comprehension does
meet the definition of research with human subjects. The study is
designed to contribute to generalizable knowledge about student
performance and the research question can only be answered using a
systematic investigation.
Information collected by the playground designer does not involve any
information about human subjects even though it does involve
interaction between the designer and school staff. An analysis of
aggregate data doesn't involve interactions with living individuals nor
the collection of private identifiable data. An economic feasibility study
will gather information from people with relevant information and
expertise but does not meet the definition of research with human
subjects, because the intention of the study is to answer "about what"
questions rather than "about whom" questions.
Question 4
Question According to the federal regulations, which of the following studies
meets the definition of research with human subjects?
Your Answer A cognitive psychologist enrolls undergraduate students for a computer-
based study about the effect of mood on problem-solving behaviors.
Result Correct
Comment A cognitive scientist studying the effect of moods on problem-solving
behaviors is asking aresearch question and is interacting with living
individuals. Questioning a superintendent of schools to acquire data
about the ethnic composition of a school system is asking "about
what" questions rather than "about whom" questions. (If a study
proposed interviewing the superintendent of public schools about his
Question 1
Question The Belmont principle of beneficence requires that:
Your Answer Potential benefits justify the risks of harm.
Result Correct
Comment The Belmont principle of beneficence requires that potential benefits
justify the risks of harm.
Question 2
Question Which of the following is an example of how the principle of
beneficence is applied to a study involving human subjects?
Your Answer Ensuring that risks are reasonable in relationship to anticipated
benefits
Result Correct
Comment The principle of beneficence requires that risks are reasonable in
relationship to anticipated benefits. The principle of respect for
persons requires that subjects understand that participation is
voluntary and that they are provided detailed information about the
study before giving consent to participate. The principle of justice
requires that the selection of subjects is fair.
Question 3
Question Humphreys collecting data for the Tearoom Trade study under the
pretense that he was a lookout is an example of a violation of the
principle of:
Your Answer Respect for persons
Result Correct
Comment Humphreys collecting data for the Tearoom Trade study while posing
, as a lookout is an example of a violation of the principle of respect
for persons. Respect for persons requires that subjects freely choose
to participate in research (voluntariness) and that they are
adequately informed about a study (informed consent).
Question 4
Question The researcher’s failure to protect research subjects from
deductive disclosure is the primary ethical violation in which of the
following studies?
Your Answer The Tuskegee study
Result Incorrect
Correct Answer "Tastes, Ties, and Time (T3)" study (2006-2009)
Comment Although no students were identified by name in the T3 study,
some data were specific enough to allow for re-identification of
students by an outside researcher. This is an example of the
failure to protect subjects from deductive disclosure of their
identities. The primary ethical problems of the other studies
include physical harms and unanticipated psychological harm.
Question 5
Question Which of the following studies is linked most directly to the
establishment of the National Research Act in 1974 and ultimately
to the Belmont Report and federal regulations for human subject
protection?
Your Answer Stanford Prison Experiment (Zimbardo)
Result Incorrect
Correct Answer The Public Health Service Study of Untreated Syphilis
Comment The Public Health Service Study of Untreated Syphilis is linked
most directly to the establishment of the National Research Act in
1974 and ultimately to the Belmont Report and federal regulations
for human subject protection.
, Question 1
Question According to the federal regulations, human subjects are living
individuals about whom an investigator conducting research obtains
information through interaction or intervention with the individual, and
uses, studies, or analyzes the information; or:
Your Answer Obtains, uses, studies, analyzes, or generates identifiable private
information.
Result Correct
Comment In order to meet the definition of research with human subjects a
researcher must obtain data about a living individual through
interaction or intervention or, alternatively, obtain individually
identifiable private information. If a researcher
obtains public information or de-identified information about
individuals, and has not interacted or intervened with the individuals,
those individuals are not considered human subjects for the purposes
of the research.
Question 2
Question Census data (the final report as published by the Census Bureau) is
an example of:
Your Answer Public information
Result Correct
Comment Census data is a public source of data, and an individual could not
reasonably expect it would not be made public.
Question 3
Question According to the federal regulations, which of the following studies
meets the definition of research with human subjects?
Your Answer A study of twenty 4th grade classrooms in which researchers ask the
, schools to systematically vary the time of day reading is taught, and collect
weekly assessments of reading comprehension for each child over a three-
month period.
Result Correct
Comment The study in the 4th grade classrooms about the relationship between
the time of day reading is taught and reading comprehension does
meet the definition of research with human subjects. The study is
designed to contribute to generalizable knowledge about student
performance and the research question can only be answered using a
systematic investigation.
Information collected by the playground designer does not involve any
information about human subjects even though it does involve
interaction between the designer and school staff. An analysis of
aggregate data doesn't involve interactions with living individuals nor
the collection of private identifiable data. An economic feasibility study
will gather information from people with relevant information and
expertise but does not meet the definition of research with human
subjects, because the intention of the study is to answer "about what"
questions rather than "about whom" questions.
Question 4
Question According to the federal regulations, which of the following studies
meets the definition of research with human subjects?
Your Answer A cognitive psychologist enrolls undergraduate students for a computer-
based study about the effect of mood on problem-solving behaviors.
Result Correct
Comment A cognitive scientist studying the effect of moods on problem-solving
behaviors is asking aresearch question and is interacting with living
individuals. Questioning a superintendent of schools to acquire data
about the ethnic composition of a school system is asking "about
what" questions rather than "about whom" questions. (If a study
proposed interviewing the superintendent of public schools about his
