OPTE PK-8 TEST| 215 QUESTIONS| WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What does Sigmond Freud propose that each psychosexual development stage revolves around?
Correct Answer: the erogenous zone
What is the erogenous zone? Correct Answer: where pleasure is focused at the time
What are the stages of Sigmond Freud's theory of human development? Correct Answer: Oral,
Anal, Phallic, and Latency
During Sigmond Freud's theory of human development, what stage are children at during
infancy? Correct Answer: oral
During Sigmond Freud's theory of human development, what stage are children at age 1-3?
Correct Answer: anal
During Sigmond Freud's theory of human development, what stage are children at age 3-5?
Correct Answer: phallic
During Sigmond Freud's theory of human development, what stage are children during
elementary school? Correct Answer: latency
Where is a child's erogenous zone during the oral phase? Correct Answer: putting things in their
mouth and biting
Where is a child's erogenous zone during the anal phase? Correct Answer: possession of bowel
movements
Where is a child's erogenous zone during the phallic phase? Correct Answer: genitals
Where is a child's erogenous zone during the latency phase? Correct Answer: social skills and
relationships
How does Erik Erikson's theory of human development differ from Sigmond Freud's? Correct
Answer: Erikson's orientation is psychosocial, not psychosexual
What does Erik Erikson's theory of human development focus on? Correct Answer: personal
self-images and social interactions
What are the stages of Erik Erikson's theory of human development? Correct Answer: trust v.
mistrust, autonomy v. shame and doubt, initiative v. guilt, industry v. inferiority, identity v. role
confusion, and intimacy v. isolation
What age are children when they are in the Trust v. Mistrust stage? Correct Answer: 0-18 mo.
,What age are children when they are in the Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt stage? Correct
Answer: 18 mo-3 years
What age are children when they are in the Initiative v. Guilt stage? Correct Answer: 3-5 years
What age are children when they are in the Industry v. Inferiority stage? Correct Answer: 5-12
years
What age are children when they are in the Identity v. Role Confusion stage? Correct Answer:
12-18 years
What age are children when they are in the Intimacy v. Isolation stage? Correct Answer: 18-40
years
What did Albert Bandura's social learning theory emphasize? Correct Answer: the importance of
social interaction in learning
Albert Bandura discover that children learn how? Correct Answer: indirectly by watching adults
What is Albert Bandura's concept of self-efficacy? Correct Answer: the belief in one's individual
competence to perform specific tasks or skills
How did Jerome Bruner influence education? Correct Answer: by advising that its goal should
be producing autonomous learners
What are Bruner's 3 modes of representation in child cognitive development? Correct Answer:
enactive representation, iconic representation, and symbolic representation
What is enactive representation? Correct Answer: action-based information based on motor
responses, retained in muscle memory, emerging in infancy
What is iconic representation? Correct Answer: visual image-based information, emerging
around age 1-6
What is symbolic representation? Correct Answer: coded or symbolic storage of information,
emerging c. 7 years and older
What did John Dewey emphasize in education? Correct Answer: the social, interactive nature of
the learning process
What did John Dewey believe about educators? Correct Answer: they should be social service
providers producing higher character and community intelligence standards, not merely
vocational trainers preparing students for work with limited job skills and information
, How did Piaget believe about children as learners? Correct Answer: they are not passive
learners but actively constructed their own learning, knowledge, and worlds through interacting
with their environments
What are Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development? Correct Answer: sensorimotor,
preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational
Describe Piaget's Sensorimotor stage of cognitive development Correct Answer: infants respond
to sensory input with motor responses
Describe Piaget's Preoperational stage of cognitive development Correct Answer: young
children are egocentric, unable to see others' physical or mental perspectives, think intuitively,
unable to focus on more than one physical attribute of an object at a time
Describe Piaget's Concrete Operational stage of cognitive development Correct Answer: school-
age children can classify, perform other logical mental operations, and reverse them as long as
they have concrete objects to reference
Describe Piaget's Formal Operation stage of cognitive development Correct Answer:
Preadolescents and adolescents develop the ability to preform in math, philosophy, law, politics,
etc.
What are the two most influential elements of Lev Vygotsky's theory? Correct Answer: the more
knowledgeable other and the ZPD
What is the ZPD? Correct Answer: zone of proximal development
what is the more knowledgable other? Correct Answer: part of Vygotsky's theory. is the person
who who knows more than the learner and assists in their development
What did Lawrence Kohlberg believe about moral development? Correct Answer: it continued
throughout a person's lifetime
What did bloom's taxonomy do? Correct Answer: organized learning into a hierarchy of 6
cognitive levels
What are the 6 levels of Bloom's Taxonomy? Correct Answer: 1. Knowledge
2. Comprehension
3. Application
4. Analysis
5. Synthesis
6. Evaluation
What are the physical characteristics of a typical developing child during early childhood?
Correct Answer: gain 2.5 inches and 5-7 lbs, preschoolers become taller and slimmer (losing
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What does Sigmond Freud propose that each psychosexual development stage revolves around?
Correct Answer: the erogenous zone
What is the erogenous zone? Correct Answer: where pleasure is focused at the time
What are the stages of Sigmond Freud's theory of human development? Correct Answer: Oral,
Anal, Phallic, and Latency
During Sigmond Freud's theory of human development, what stage are children at during
infancy? Correct Answer: oral
During Sigmond Freud's theory of human development, what stage are children at age 1-3?
Correct Answer: anal
During Sigmond Freud's theory of human development, what stage are children at age 3-5?
Correct Answer: phallic
During Sigmond Freud's theory of human development, what stage are children during
elementary school? Correct Answer: latency
Where is a child's erogenous zone during the oral phase? Correct Answer: putting things in their
mouth and biting
Where is a child's erogenous zone during the anal phase? Correct Answer: possession of bowel
movements
Where is a child's erogenous zone during the phallic phase? Correct Answer: genitals
Where is a child's erogenous zone during the latency phase? Correct Answer: social skills and
relationships
How does Erik Erikson's theory of human development differ from Sigmond Freud's? Correct
Answer: Erikson's orientation is psychosocial, not psychosexual
What does Erik Erikson's theory of human development focus on? Correct Answer: personal
self-images and social interactions
What are the stages of Erik Erikson's theory of human development? Correct Answer: trust v.
mistrust, autonomy v. shame and doubt, initiative v. guilt, industry v. inferiority, identity v. role
confusion, and intimacy v. isolation
What age are children when they are in the Trust v. Mistrust stage? Correct Answer: 0-18 mo.
,What age are children when they are in the Autonomy v. Shame and Doubt stage? Correct
Answer: 18 mo-3 years
What age are children when they are in the Initiative v. Guilt stage? Correct Answer: 3-5 years
What age are children when they are in the Industry v. Inferiority stage? Correct Answer: 5-12
years
What age are children when they are in the Identity v. Role Confusion stage? Correct Answer:
12-18 years
What age are children when they are in the Intimacy v. Isolation stage? Correct Answer: 18-40
years
What did Albert Bandura's social learning theory emphasize? Correct Answer: the importance of
social interaction in learning
Albert Bandura discover that children learn how? Correct Answer: indirectly by watching adults
What is Albert Bandura's concept of self-efficacy? Correct Answer: the belief in one's individual
competence to perform specific tasks or skills
How did Jerome Bruner influence education? Correct Answer: by advising that its goal should
be producing autonomous learners
What are Bruner's 3 modes of representation in child cognitive development? Correct Answer:
enactive representation, iconic representation, and symbolic representation
What is enactive representation? Correct Answer: action-based information based on motor
responses, retained in muscle memory, emerging in infancy
What is iconic representation? Correct Answer: visual image-based information, emerging
around age 1-6
What is symbolic representation? Correct Answer: coded or symbolic storage of information,
emerging c. 7 years and older
What did John Dewey emphasize in education? Correct Answer: the social, interactive nature of
the learning process
What did John Dewey believe about educators? Correct Answer: they should be social service
providers producing higher character and community intelligence standards, not merely
vocational trainers preparing students for work with limited job skills and information
, How did Piaget believe about children as learners? Correct Answer: they are not passive
learners but actively constructed their own learning, knowledge, and worlds through interacting
with their environments
What are Piaget's 4 stages of cognitive development? Correct Answer: sensorimotor,
preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational
Describe Piaget's Sensorimotor stage of cognitive development Correct Answer: infants respond
to sensory input with motor responses
Describe Piaget's Preoperational stage of cognitive development Correct Answer: young
children are egocentric, unable to see others' physical or mental perspectives, think intuitively,
unable to focus on more than one physical attribute of an object at a time
Describe Piaget's Concrete Operational stage of cognitive development Correct Answer: school-
age children can classify, perform other logical mental operations, and reverse them as long as
they have concrete objects to reference
Describe Piaget's Formal Operation stage of cognitive development Correct Answer:
Preadolescents and adolescents develop the ability to preform in math, philosophy, law, politics,
etc.
What are the two most influential elements of Lev Vygotsky's theory? Correct Answer: the more
knowledgeable other and the ZPD
What is the ZPD? Correct Answer: zone of proximal development
what is the more knowledgable other? Correct Answer: part of Vygotsky's theory. is the person
who who knows more than the learner and assists in their development
What did Lawrence Kohlberg believe about moral development? Correct Answer: it continued
throughout a person's lifetime
What did bloom's taxonomy do? Correct Answer: organized learning into a hierarchy of 6
cognitive levels
What are the 6 levels of Bloom's Taxonomy? Correct Answer: 1. Knowledge
2. Comprehension
3. Application
4. Analysis
5. Synthesis
6. Evaluation
What are the physical characteristics of a typical developing child during early childhood?
Correct Answer: gain 2.5 inches and 5-7 lbs, preschoolers become taller and slimmer (losing
