NR 341 Complex Adult Health Exam 2

NR 341 COMPLEX ADULT HEALTH Exam One Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, 10, 14 This blueprint is not inclusive of all content which may be on the exam. Chapter 1 Overview of Critical Care Nursing • Definition of critical care nursing • Evolution of critical care • Professional organizations o American association of critical-care nurses o Society of critical care medicine o Other professional organizations • Certification • Standards • Critical care nurse characteristics • Quality and safety emphasis • Evidence-based practice • Healthy work environment o Communication o Collaboration • Other trends and issues Chapter 2 Patient and Family Response to the Critical Care Experience • Introduction • The critical care environment • The critically ill patient o Discharge from critical care and quality of life after critical care o Geriatric concerns • Family members of the critically ill patient o Family assessment o Family needs o Communication o Visitation o Family presence during procedures and resuscitation o Practice alerts Chapter 3 Ethical and Legal Issues in Critical Care Nursing • Introduction • Ethical obligations and nurse advocacy • Ethical decision making • Ethical principles o Creating an ethical environment • Increasing nurses’ involvement in ethical decision making • Selected ethical topics in critical care o Informed consent ▪ Elements of informed consent o Decisions regarding life-sustaining treatment ▪ Cardiopulmonary resuscitation decisions ▪ Withholding or withdrawing life support o End-of-life issues ▪ Patient self-determination act ▪ Advance directives o Organ and tissue transplantation Chapter 4 End-of-Life Care in the Critical Care Unit • Introduction o Effects on nurses and the healthcare team • Dimensions of end-of-life care o Palliative care o Communication and conflict resolution o Withholding, limiting, or withdrawing therapy ▪ Ventilator withdrawal ▪ Other commonly withheld therapies ▪ Hospice referral o Emotional and psychological care of the patient and family o Caregiver organizational support • Culturally competent end-of-life care Chapter 5 Comfort and Sedation • Introduction • Definitions of pain and anxiety • Predisposing factors to pain and anxiety • Physiology of pain and anxiety o Pain o Anxiety • Positive effects of pain and anxiety • Negative effects of pain and anxiety o Physical effects o Psychological effects • Assessment o Pain measurement tools o Pain measurement tools for nonverbal patients o Anxiety and sedation measurement tools ▪ Sedation scales o Continuous monitoring of sedation o Pain and anxiety assessment challenges ▪ Delirium ▪ Neuromuscular blockade • Management of pain and anxiety o Nonpharmacological management ▪ Environmental manipulation o Complementary and alternative therapy ▪ Guided imagery ▪ Music therapy ▪ Animal-assisted therapy o Pharmacological management ▪ Opioids ▪ Patient-controlled analgesia ▪ Epidural analgesia ▪ Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs ▪ Other pain relievers ▪ Sedative agents ▪ Tolerance and withdrawal • Management challenges o Invasive procedures o Substance abuse o Restraining devices o Effects of aging Chapter 9 Ventilatory Assistance • Introduction • Review of respiratory anatomy and physiology o Upper airway o Lower airway o Lungs • Physiology of breathing o Gas exchange o Regulation of breathing o Respiratory mechanics ▪ Work of breathing ▪ Compliance ▪ Resistance • Lung volumes and capacities • Respiratory assessment o Health history o Physical examination ▪ Inspection ▪ Palpation ▪ Percussion ▪ Auscultation ▪ Breath sounds o Arterial blood gas interpretation ▪ Oxygenation • Partial pressure of arterial oxygen • Arterial oxygen saturation of hemoglobin ▪ Ventilation and acid-base status • PH • Partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide • Sodium bicarbonate • Buffer systems • Base excess or