AP World History Unit 8: Cold War &
Decolonization Latest 2022 Rated A
Cold War ✔✔A sometimes physical but also ideological conflict between the US and the Soviet
Union lasting c. 1945-1992. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but
deadly threats and proxy wars; capitalism vs. communism
Non-Alignment Movement ✔✔a group of states which are not formally aligned with or against
any major power bloc of the Cold War; didn't want to take sides in the war; examples include:
Sukarno in Indonesia and Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana
NATO ✔✔North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance of capitalist nations made to defend
one another if they were attacked by any other country; included US, England, France, Canada,
and Western European countries
Warsaw Pact ✔✔An alliance between the Soviet Union and other communist Eastern European
nations; formed in response to NATO
Proxy War ✔✔a war in which the powers in conflict use third parties as substitutes instead of
fighting each other directly; happened often during the Cold War including the Korean War,
Angolan Civil War, and the Sandinista-Contras conflict in Nicaragua
Mao Zedong ✔✔(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew the
Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976;
led the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution to bring economic and cultural change to
Communist China
,Great Leap Forward ✔✔economic and social plan used in China from 1958 to 1961 which aimed
to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a
modern industrial society; resulted in famine and the deaths of more than 45 million people
Cultural Revolution ✔✔(1966-1976) Political policy in started in China by Mao Zedong to
eliminate his rivals and train a new generation in the revolutionary spirit that created communist
China; an attack on traditional Chinese cultural values. The Cultural Revolution resulted in
beatings, terror, mass jailing, and the deaths of thousands.
land redistribution ✔✔a policy by which land is taken from those who own large amounts and
redistributed to those who have little or none; a popular practice among Communist nations who
seek to gain the support of lower class citizens who had historically been denied property
ownership; occurred in China, Mexico, USSR, Vietnam, Ethiopia, White Revolution Iran
White Revolution ✔✔occurred in Iran in 1962, the Shah's attempt appease the Iranian citizens;
called for economic and and political reforms: created land reform, profit sharing, and women's
right to vote
Indian National Congress ✔✔A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater
Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class (high caste), and its demands
were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Gandhi, appealing to the poor.
Ho Chi Minh ✔✔1950s and 60s; nationalist communist leader of North Vietnam; fought against
French colonization of Vietnam, used guerrilla warfare to fight anti-communist, American-funded
attacks under the Truman Doctrine; strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable for the US
Muslim League ✔✔an organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India's Muslims,
which later proposed that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu nations (Pakistan and
India); led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah from 1913 until creation of Pakistan in 1947
, Partition of India ✔✔After gaining independence from Great Britain in 1947, India was separated
into two countries Pakistan for Muslims and India for Hindus; led to conflict as well as population
displacement and resettlement
Imperial metropoles ✔✔"mother city"; many people from former colonies moved to these
locations; maintained cultural and economic ties between the colony even after the dissolution of
empires; examples: South Asians to Britain, Algerians to France, Filipinos to the United States
Nelson Mandela ✔✔South African nationalist Leader of the African National Congress (ANC);
arrested for opposing white S. African rule and apartheid; used nonviolent means of protest;
released from prison to become the South Africa's first democratically elected president in 1994
Apartheid ✔✔South African social policy and racial segregation involving political and economic
and legal discrimination against non-whites; ended c. 1994
Al Qaeda ✔✔a network of Islamic terrorist organizations, led by Osama bin Laden, that carried
out the attacks on the US embassies in Tanzania and Kenya in 1998, the USS Cole in Yemen in
2000, and the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001
Mohandas Gandhi ✔✔Leader of the Indian independence movement and advocate of nonviolent
resistance. After being educated as a lawyer in England, he returned to India and became leader of
the Indian National Congress in 1920; opposed British rule in India and wanted a united India for
both Muslims and Hindus
Martin Luther King Jr. ✔✔U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed
discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass
demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee in 1968
Domino Theory ✔✔The US theory that stated, if one country would fall to Communism then they
all would.
Decolonization Latest 2022 Rated A
Cold War ✔✔A sometimes physical but also ideological conflict between the US and the Soviet
Union lasting c. 1945-1992. The nations never directly confronted each other on the battlefield but
deadly threats and proxy wars; capitalism vs. communism
Non-Alignment Movement ✔✔a group of states which are not formally aligned with or against
any major power bloc of the Cold War; didn't want to take sides in the war; examples include:
Sukarno in Indonesia and Kwame Nkrumah in Ghana
NATO ✔✔North Atlantic Treaty Organization; an alliance of capitalist nations made to defend
one another if they were attacked by any other country; included US, England, France, Canada,
and Western European countries
Warsaw Pact ✔✔An alliance between the Soviet Union and other communist Eastern European
nations; formed in response to NATO
Proxy War ✔✔a war in which the powers in conflict use third parties as substitutes instead of
fighting each other directly; happened often during the Cold War including the Korean War,
Angolan Civil War, and the Sandinista-Contras conflict in Nicaragua
Mao Zedong ✔✔(1893-1976) Leader of the Communist Party in China that overthrew the
Nationalists. Established China as the People's Republic of China and ruled from 1949 until 1976;
led the Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution to bring economic and cultural change to
Communist China
,Great Leap Forward ✔✔economic and social plan used in China from 1958 to 1961 which aimed
to use China's vast population to rapidly transform the country from an agrarian economy into a
modern industrial society; resulted in famine and the deaths of more than 45 million people
Cultural Revolution ✔✔(1966-1976) Political policy in started in China by Mao Zedong to
eliminate his rivals and train a new generation in the revolutionary spirit that created communist
China; an attack on traditional Chinese cultural values. The Cultural Revolution resulted in
beatings, terror, mass jailing, and the deaths of thousands.
land redistribution ✔✔a policy by which land is taken from those who own large amounts and
redistributed to those who have little or none; a popular practice among Communist nations who
seek to gain the support of lower class citizens who had historically been denied property
ownership; occurred in China, Mexico, USSR, Vietnam, Ethiopia, White Revolution Iran
White Revolution ✔✔occurred in Iran in 1962, the Shah's attempt appease the Iranian citizens;
called for economic and and political reforms: created land reform, profit sharing, and women's
right to vote
Indian National Congress ✔✔A movement and political party founded in 1885 to demand greater
Indian participation in government. Its membership was middle class (high caste), and its demands
were modest until World War I. Led after 1920 by Gandhi, appealing to the poor.
Ho Chi Minh ✔✔1950s and 60s; nationalist communist leader of North Vietnam; fought against
French colonization of Vietnam, used guerrilla warfare to fight anti-communist, American-funded
attacks under the Truman Doctrine; strategy drew out war and made it unwinnable for the US
Muslim League ✔✔an organization formed in 1906 to protect the interests of India's Muslims,
which later proposed that India be divided into separate Muslim and Hindu nations (Pakistan and
India); led by Muhammad Ali Jinnah from 1913 until creation of Pakistan in 1947
, Partition of India ✔✔After gaining independence from Great Britain in 1947, India was separated
into two countries Pakistan for Muslims and India for Hindus; led to conflict as well as population
displacement and resettlement
Imperial metropoles ✔✔"mother city"; many people from former colonies moved to these
locations; maintained cultural and economic ties between the colony even after the dissolution of
empires; examples: South Asians to Britain, Algerians to France, Filipinos to the United States
Nelson Mandela ✔✔South African nationalist Leader of the African National Congress (ANC);
arrested for opposing white S. African rule and apartheid; used nonviolent means of protest;
released from prison to become the South Africa's first democratically elected president in 1994
Apartheid ✔✔South African social policy and racial segregation involving political and economic
and legal discrimination against non-whites; ended c. 1994
Al Qaeda ✔✔a network of Islamic terrorist organizations, led by Osama bin Laden, that carried
out the attacks on the US embassies in Tanzania and Kenya in 1998, the USS Cole in Yemen in
2000, and the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in 2001
Mohandas Gandhi ✔✔Leader of the Indian independence movement and advocate of nonviolent
resistance. After being educated as a lawyer in England, he returned to India and became leader of
the Indian National Congress in 1920; opposed British rule in India and wanted a united India for
both Muslims and Hindus
Martin Luther King Jr. ✔✔U.S. Baptist minister and civil rights leader. A noted orator, he opposed
discrimination against blacks by organizing nonviolent resistance and peaceful mass
demonstrations. He was assassinated in Memphis, Tennessee in 1968
Domino Theory ✔✔The US theory that stated, if one country would fall to Communism then they
all would.
