ATI Comprehensive Assessment PN, Complete With
Over 800 Questions And Answers 2022
RBC
females 4.2-5.4 million
males 4.7-6.1 million
decrease RBC
anemia
WBC
5,000-10,000
elevated WBC
infection
decreased WBC
immunosuppression
Iron
females 60-160 mcg
males 80-180
elevated iron
hemochromatosis, iron excess
liver disorder, magaloblastic anemia
decreased iron
anemia or hemorrhage
platelets
150,000-4000,000
increased platelets
malignancy or polycythemia vera
decreased platelets
autoimmune disease
bone marrow suppression or enlarged spleen
Hbg
females 12-16
males 14-18
decrease Hgb and Hct
anemia
Hct
females 37%-47%
males 42-52%
anemia in children
S & SX:
pallor, brittle spoon shaped nails
irritability, muscle weakness
systolic heart murmur, enlarged heart, HF
iron supplements
,give 1 hr before or 2 hr after antacid to prevent malabsorpt
N/D and constipation common at start of therapy
use straw for liquid iron to prevent staining of teeth
aPTT
1.5-2X control range of 30-40 seconds
test clotting factors and monitor heparin therapy
increased aPTT
hemophilia
disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC
liver disease
PT
11-12.5 seconds, 85-100%
increased PT time
evidence of deficiency or clotting
decreaed PT time
evidence of vit K excess= bleed out
acute hemolytic blood transfusion reactions
**low back pain, TACHYcardia, HYPOtension
febrile reactions
30 min-6 hr after transfusion
-chills, fever, flushing, headache
use WBC filter, administer antipyretics
mild allergic reactions
during or up to 24hr after transfusion
- itching, urticarial, flushing
administer benadryl
anaphylactic shock
wheezing, dyspnea, cyanosis, hypotension
maintain airway, admin O2, IV fluids, antihistamines, corticosteroids and vasopressor
fluid overload
HYPERtension,
jugular vein distention, peripheral edema
orthopnea, crackles at base of lungs
sudden anxiety
sepsis and septic shock
-fever, N/V, abdominal pain, chills HYPOtension
administer antibiotics, blood cultures, vasopressor (dopamine)
if disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
admin heparin in early stage
-blood products and clotting factors in late stage
PICA
eating things like soil, chalk, for at least 1 month
parenteral iron
given Z track
erythropoietin - epoetin alfa (epogen, Procrit)
,used to increased production of RBC
monitor increase in BP, Hgb, Hct
folic acid
turn urine dark yellow
necessary for new RBC
hypovolemia causes
peritonitis, ascites, burns , NPO
causes of dehydration
hyperventilation
DKA
tube feeding without sufficient water intake
subjective and objective HYPOvolemia
Hyperthermia, Tachycardia, HYPOtension
decreased central venous pressure
hypoxia
thirst, dizziness, N/V,
-poor skin turgor, tentin
lab test hypovolemia
increased: HCT, specific gravity, NA, protein, BUN, glucose
Hypervolemia causes
HF, cirrhosis, increased gluccorticosteroids
hypertonic fluids
S & SX HYPERvolemia
bounding pulse, increased CVP, HYPERtension, confusion, muscle weakness, ascites,
diminished breath sounds, distended neck veins
lab test HYPERvolemia
Decreased: HCT, BUN, electro
respiratory alkalosis PaCO2 less than 35, increased PH
notify doctor if
weight gain 1-2 lb/24 or 3 lb in a wk
foods high in potassium
avocados, broccoili, dairy products, dried fruit, cantaloupe, bananas
HYPOcalcemia
positive chvosteks ( facial twitching)
positive trousseau (hand/finger spasm with blood pressure cuff inflation
excess caffeine causes excretion
calcium in urine
secondary osteoporosis results from
hyperparathyroidism, long term corticosteroid
long term anticonvulsant (Dilantin)
manifestations: kyphosis
stages of grief
1. denial 4. depression
2. anger 5. acceptance
3. bargaining
theophylline
, relaxation of bronchioles causing bronchodilator
oral used to control asthma or COPD
therapeutic range 5-15
avoid in HTN, liver and kidney dysfunction
theophylline interactions
caffeine
glucocorticoids:
beclomethasone- inhalation
prednisone- PO
prevent inflammation, suppress airway mucus production
leukotriene (monelukast)
suppressing inflammation, bronchoconstriction's, airway edema, mucus production
digoxin
makes the heart beat stronger and regular rhythm
therapeutic 0.5-2.0
S & SX of dig tox
fatigue, weakness, vision changes, GI effects
infuse over 5 min
hemophilia
difficulty controlling bleeding
X linked recessive disorder
joint pain and stiffness, impaired mobility, easy bruising
slurred speech
lab test indication of hemophilia
prolonged aPTT
avoid unnecessary needle sticks, apply pressure for 5 mins after needle sticks
monitor for occult blood
DDAVP
synthetic form of vasopressin increases plasma factor VIII
not for hemophilia B
acute hemolytic blood transfusion reactions
**low back pain, TACHYcardia, HYPOtension, hemoglobinuria,
ICP
10-15 mm Hg
mannitol
osmotic diuretic treat cerebral edema
phenytoin (Dilantin)
prophylactically to prevent or treat seizures
crainiotomy
removal of nonviable brain tissue that allows for expansion or removal of epidural or
subdural hematomas
KUB (kidneys, urter, bladder
determines size shape and position of structures
cystoscopy
use a scope to visualize the bladder and urthera
reflex incontinence
Over 800 Questions And Answers 2022
RBC
females 4.2-5.4 million
males 4.7-6.1 million
decrease RBC
anemia
WBC
5,000-10,000
elevated WBC
infection
decreased WBC
immunosuppression
Iron
females 60-160 mcg
males 80-180
elevated iron
hemochromatosis, iron excess
liver disorder, magaloblastic anemia
decreased iron
anemia or hemorrhage
platelets
150,000-4000,000
increased platelets
malignancy or polycythemia vera
decreased platelets
autoimmune disease
bone marrow suppression or enlarged spleen
Hbg
females 12-16
males 14-18
decrease Hgb and Hct
anemia
Hct
females 37%-47%
males 42-52%
anemia in children
S & SX:
pallor, brittle spoon shaped nails
irritability, muscle weakness
systolic heart murmur, enlarged heart, HF
iron supplements
,give 1 hr before or 2 hr after antacid to prevent malabsorpt
N/D and constipation common at start of therapy
use straw for liquid iron to prevent staining of teeth
aPTT
1.5-2X control range of 30-40 seconds
test clotting factors and monitor heparin therapy
increased aPTT
hemophilia
disseminated intravascular coagulation DIC
liver disease
PT
11-12.5 seconds, 85-100%
increased PT time
evidence of deficiency or clotting
decreaed PT time
evidence of vit K excess= bleed out
acute hemolytic blood transfusion reactions
**low back pain, TACHYcardia, HYPOtension
febrile reactions
30 min-6 hr after transfusion
-chills, fever, flushing, headache
use WBC filter, administer antipyretics
mild allergic reactions
during or up to 24hr after transfusion
- itching, urticarial, flushing
administer benadryl
anaphylactic shock
wheezing, dyspnea, cyanosis, hypotension
maintain airway, admin O2, IV fluids, antihistamines, corticosteroids and vasopressor
fluid overload
HYPERtension,
jugular vein distention, peripheral edema
orthopnea, crackles at base of lungs
sudden anxiety
sepsis and septic shock
-fever, N/V, abdominal pain, chills HYPOtension
administer antibiotics, blood cultures, vasopressor (dopamine)
if disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC)
admin heparin in early stage
-blood products and clotting factors in late stage
PICA
eating things like soil, chalk, for at least 1 month
parenteral iron
given Z track
erythropoietin - epoetin alfa (epogen, Procrit)
,used to increased production of RBC
monitor increase in BP, Hgb, Hct
folic acid
turn urine dark yellow
necessary for new RBC
hypovolemia causes
peritonitis, ascites, burns , NPO
causes of dehydration
hyperventilation
DKA
tube feeding without sufficient water intake
subjective and objective HYPOvolemia
Hyperthermia, Tachycardia, HYPOtension
decreased central venous pressure
hypoxia
thirst, dizziness, N/V,
-poor skin turgor, tentin
lab test hypovolemia
increased: HCT, specific gravity, NA, protein, BUN, glucose
Hypervolemia causes
HF, cirrhosis, increased gluccorticosteroids
hypertonic fluids
S & SX HYPERvolemia
bounding pulse, increased CVP, HYPERtension, confusion, muscle weakness, ascites,
diminished breath sounds, distended neck veins
lab test HYPERvolemia
Decreased: HCT, BUN, electro
respiratory alkalosis PaCO2 less than 35, increased PH
notify doctor if
weight gain 1-2 lb/24 or 3 lb in a wk
foods high in potassium
avocados, broccoili, dairy products, dried fruit, cantaloupe, bananas
HYPOcalcemia
positive chvosteks ( facial twitching)
positive trousseau (hand/finger spasm with blood pressure cuff inflation
excess caffeine causes excretion
calcium in urine
secondary osteoporosis results from
hyperparathyroidism, long term corticosteroid
long term anticonvulsant (Dilantin)
manifestations: kyphosis
stages of grief
1. denial 4. depression
2. anger 5. acceptance
3. bargaining
theophylline
, relaxation of bronchioles causing bronchodilator
oral used to control asthma or COPD
therapeutic range 5-15
avoid in HTN, liver and kidney dysfunction
theophylline interactions
caffeine
glucocorticoids:
beclomethasone- inhalation
prednisone- PO
prevent inflammation, suppress airway mucus production
leukotriene (monelukast)
suppressing inflammation, bronchoconstriction's, airway edema, mucus production
digoxin
makes the heart beat stronger and regular rhythm
therapeutic 0.5-2.0
S & SX of dig tox
fatigue, weakness, vision changes, GI effects
infuse over 5 min
hemophilia
difficulty controlling bleeding
X linked recessive disorder
joint pain and stiffness, impaired mobility, easy bruising
slurred speech
lab test indication of hemophilia
prolonged aPTT
avoid unnecessary needle sticks, apply pressure for 5 mins after needle sticks
monitor for occult blood
DDAVP
synthetic form of vasopressin increases plasma factor VIII
not for hemophilia B
acute hemolytic blood transfusion reactions
**low back pain, TACHYcardia, HYPOtension, hemoglobinuria,
ICP
10-15 mm Hg
mannitol
osmotic diuretic treat cerebral edema
phenytoin (Dilantin)
prophylactically to prevent or treat seizures
crainiotomy
removal of nonviable brain tissue that allows for expansion or removal of epidural or
subdural hematomas
KUB (kidneys, urter, bladder
determines size shape and position of structures
cystoscopy
use a scope to visualize the bladder and urthera
reflex incontinence
