NRNP 6665 Global Developmental Delay|just what you need

Global Developmental Delay Signs and Symptoms  According to the DSM-5, two or more delays in two areas of development must be present (American Psychiatric Association, 2013)  These areas can include speech/language, gross motor skills, fine motor skills, cognition, social development, and activities of daily living (Mithyantha, Kneen, McCann, & Gladstone, 2017) Development and Course  Diagnosis must be made before the age of 5 (American Psychiatric Association, 2013)  Can be further specified based on severity (Mithyantha et al., 2017) -Mild (functional age 33% below chronological age) -Moderate (functional age 34%-66% of chronological age) -Severe (functional age 66% of chronological age)  Early intervention for treatment is key to prevent further developmental decline Incidence  Occurs in 1-3% of children under the age of 5 (Choo, Agarwal, How, & Yeleswarapu, 2019)  Occurs in all races and ethnic groups  Appears to occur more frequently in boys versus girls in research studies though there is still a lack of supported research to back this claim (Kim, Jeon, Jung, Kim, Song, & Kim, 2020) Etiology  Outside factors (ex. alcohol use, drug use, perinatal conditions, infections, toxins)  Nervous system diagnoses (ex. Spina bifida, hydrocephalus)  Genetic (ex. Fragile X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis)  Unknown (Belanger & Caron, 2018) Prognosis  Symptoms associated with developmental delays can be lifelong or transient, though with early treatment and appropriate resources, a child can continue to progress and thrive  Perform repeated clinical assessments as the child grows to monitor for regression and progression Differential Diagnoses  Autism spectrum disorder  Intellectual disorders  Cerebral palsy  Learning disorders