Kansas State University FNDH 620 Exam 2 (2022)
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are the most prevalent saturated fatty acids in average US diet? Correct Answer: Palmitic
and stearic acid
What are the most prevalent UNsaturated fatty acids in average US diet? Correct Answer: oleic
and linoleic acid
What are the top 3 sources of fatty acids in US diet? Correct Answer: Cooking oils, red meats,
and dairy products
Where is FA oxidation activated? Correct Answer: In the cytoplasm by acyl-CoA synthase (-2
ATP)
Where does FA oxidation take place? Correct Answer: The mitochondria
What is formed when fatty acids are oxidized in the mitochondria? Correct Answer: Acetyl
CoA
What are the primary sites of fatty acid synthesis? Correct Answer: Hepatic cells and fat cells
Where does fatty acid synthesis occur in the cell? Correct Answer: the cytosol
What does fatty acid synthase require? Correct Answer: NADPH
What is the normal/primary product of fatty acid synthase? Correct Answer: Palmitate
(undergoes elongation and/or unsaturation to yield other FAs)
What are trans fats associated with? Correct Answer: Coronary heart disease risk by increasing
LDL levels and decreasing HDL levels
What do the 2010-15 dietary guidelines recommend regarding trans fats? Correct Answer:
consume as little as possible
Effects of essential fatty acid deficiency Correct Answer: slowed growth, dermatitis, kidney
lesions, early death
Which fatty acids is considered essential and must be supplied by the diet? Correct Answer:
alpha-linoleic acid (n-3) & linoleic acid (n-6)
What is the significance of Arachidonic Acid? Correct Answer: Precursor for eicosanoids
(prostaglandins, thromboxane, leukotrienes)
, What are the biological effects of eicosanoids? Correct Answer: inflammatory response,
pain/fever, reproductive function, as well as regulating blood pressure, platelet aggregation, and
thrombosis
Highest animal form of saturated fat Correct Answer: cattle and sheep
What are highly unsaturated food sources? Correct Answer: Fish and plant oil
What is the major source of DHA and EPA? Correct Answer: Fish
What is the major source of ALA? Correct Answer: Plant oil
Why do the dietary guidelines no longer have a cholesterol limit recommendation? Correct
Answer: It does not make sense to control cholesterol levels through the diet because dietary
cholesterol only makes up about 1/3 of total cholesterol. If dietary cholesterol is reduced, the
body will just produce more.
Humans build _____ mg of cholesterol each day. Correct Answer: 700
What is cholesterol NOT the precursor of? Correct Answer: Phospholipids
What is cholesterol the precursor of? Correct Answer: bile acids, steroid hormones, vitamin D,
adrenocortica hormones
What is the most active site of lipid digestion? Correct Answer: Upper jejunum
The main function of lipoproteins is: Correct Answer: to act as the carrier of lipids
T/F The main component of an HDL molecule is protein Correct Answer: True
T/F LDL-cholesterol is often termed "bad" cholesterol because it has been linked to atherogenic
fatty plaque formation. Correct Answer: True
Trans unsaturated fatty acids are now considered more atherogenic than saturated fatty acids
because they: Correct Answer: Elevate serum LDL while decreasing HDL
The mechanism of action of Orlistat is: Correct Answer: To inhibit pancreatic lipase activity
Which hormone is considered to be an antagonist of lipolysis? Correct Answer: Insulin
Which hormones are activated for lipolysis? Correct Answer: epinephrine, adrenocorticotropic
hormone, glucagon
Insulin is: Correct Answer: the most potent anabolic hormone to stimulate uptake of glucose,
amino acids, and fatty acids into cells
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
What are the most prevalent saturated fatty acids in average US diet? Correct Answer: Palmitic
and stearic acid
What are the most prevalent UNsaturated fatty acids in average US diet? Correct Answer: oleic
and linoleic acid
What are the top 3 sources of fatty acids in US diet? Correct Answer: Cooking oils, red meats,
and dairy products
Where is FA oxidation activated? Correct Answer: In the cytoplasm by acyl-CoA synthase (-2
ATP)
Where does FA oxidation take place? Correct Answer: The mitochondria
What is formed when fatty acids are oxidized in the mitochondria? Correct Answer: Acetyl
CoA
What are the primary sites of fatty acid synthesis? Correct Answer: Hepatic cells and fat cells
Where does fatty acid synthesis occur in the cell? Correct Answer: the cytosol
What does fatty acid synthase require? Correct Answer: NADPH
What is the normal/primary product of fatty acid synthase? Correct Answer: Palmitate
(undergoes elongation and/or unsaturation to yield other FAs)
What are trans fats associated with? Correct Answer: Coronary heart disease risk by increasing
LDL levels and decreasing HDL levels
What do the 2010-15 dietary guidelines recommend regarding trans fats? Correct Answer:
consume as little as possible
Effects of essential fatty acid deficiency Correct Answer: slowed growth, dermatitis, kidney
lesions, early death
Which fatty acids is considered essential and must be supplied by the diet? Correct Answer:
alpha-linoleic acid (n-3) & linoleic acid (n-6)
What is the significance of Arachidonic Acid? Correct Answer: Precursor for eicosanoids
(prostaglandins, thromboxane, leukotrienes)
, What are the biological effects of eicosanoids? Correct Answer: inflammatory response,
pain/fever, reproductive function, as well as regulating blood pressure, platelet aggregation, and
thrombosis
Highest animal form of saturated fat Correct Answer: cattle and sheep
What are highly unsaturated food sources? Correct Answer: Fish and plant oil
What is the major source of DHA and EPA? Correct Answer: Fish
What is the major source of ALA? Correct Answer: Plant oil
Why do the dietary guidelines no longer have a cholesterol limit recommendation? Correct
Answer: It does not make sense to control cholesterol levels through the diet because dietary
cholesterol only makes up about 1/3 of total cholesterol. If dietary cholesterol is reduced, the
body will just produce more.
Humans build _____ mg of cholesterol each day. Correct Answer: 700
What is cholesterol NOT the precursor of? Correct Answer: Phospholipids
What is cholesterol the precursor of? Correct Answer: bile acids, steroid hormones, vitamin D,
adrenocortica hormones
What is the most active site of lipid digestion? Correct Answer: Upper jejunum
The main function of lipoproteins is: Correct Answer: to act as the carrier of lipids
T/F The main component of an HDL molecule is protein Correct Answer: True
T/F LDL-cholesterol is often termed "bad" cholesterol because it has been linked to atherogenic
fatty plaque formation. Correct Answer: True
Trans unsaturated fatty acids are now considered more atherogenic than saturated fatty acids
because they: Correct Answer: Elevate serum LDL while decreasing HDL
The mechanism of action of Orlistat is: Correct Answer: To inhibit pancreatic lipase activity
Which hormone is considered to be an antagonist of lipolysis? Correct Answer: Insulin
Which hormones are activated for lipolysis? Correct Answer: epinephrine, adrenocorticotropic
hormone, glucagon
Insulin is: Correct Answer: the most potent anabolic hormone to stimulate uptake of glucose,
amino acids, and fatty acids into cells
