NURS 6635 MIDTERM-PMHNP
NEWLY UPDATED EXAM ELABORATIONS QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS EXPLANATIONS
, QUESTION 1
1. Select the neurotransmitter involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in
children and adolescents based on the common comorbidity of tic disorders.
A Norepinephrine
B
GABA
.
C
Dopamine
.
D Acetylcholine
Answer:
Dopamine
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to defects in the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical
(CSTC) circuitry, which may be linked to neurotransmitter dysregulation throughout this network.
Serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, and -aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the main neurotransmitters
throughout the CSTC.
Compulsive behaviors linked to OCD are likely the product of a related dopaminergic reward
system dysfunction. Continuous ventral striatum activation may lead to an undirected expectation of
reward. Anxiety and a desire to fill the gap are caused by unfulfilled expectations.
Step-by-Step
explanation References
Richter, M. A., De Jesus, D. R., Hoppenbrouwers, S., Daigle, M., Deluce, J., Ravindran, L. N., ... &
Daskalakis, Z. J. (2019). Evidence for cortical inhibitory and excitatory dysfunction in obsessive
compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(5), 1144-1151.
Pittenger, C., Krystal, J. H., & Coric, V. (2016). Glutamate-modulating drugs as novel
pharmacotherapeutic agents in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. NeuroRx, 3(1), 69-
81.
, 1 points
QUESTION 2
1. Select the class of drugs most effective in treating pain disorder.
A
Opioid analgesics
.
B TCA and SSRI
. antidepressants
C Beta-adrenergic
. blockers
D
Mood stabilizers
.
Answer
:
Opioids analgesics
, Opioid analgesics are drugs that function on opioid receptors that are used to alleviate pain. Weak
opioid analgesics are often used to describe compound analgesics that combine acetaminophen with
low levels of codeine or tramadol. Opioid analgesics, which include oxycodone, hydrocodone, and
codeine, can be used to relieve mild to extreme acute pain.
Opioids are medications that are chemically similar to, but more potent than, the body's own pain
relievers (endorphins). They operate by binding to receptors on cells, primarily in the brain, spinal cord, and
gastrointestinal tract.
Step-by-Step
explanation References
Andrieu, G., Amrouni, H., Robin, E., Carnaille, B., Wattier, J. M., Pattou, F., ... & Lebuffe, G. (2017).
Analgesic efficacy of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block administered before thyroid surgery
under general anaesthesia. British journal of anaesthesia, 99(4), 561-566.
Mangione, M. P., & Crowley-Matoka, M. (2018). Improving pain management communication:
how patients understand the terms "opioid" and "narcotic". Journal of general internal medicine,
23(9), 1336.
1 points
QUESTION 3
1. Select the most commonly occurring eating disorder.
Answer:
NEWLY UPDATED EXAM ELABORATIONS QUESTIONS WITH
ANSWERS EXPLANATIONS
, QUESTION 1
1. Select the neurotransmitter involved in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) in
children and adolescents based on the common comorbidity of tic disorders.
A Norepinephrine
B
GABA
.
C
Dopamine
.
D Acetylcholine
Answer:
Dopamine
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is linked to defects in the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical
(CSTC) circuitry, which may be linked to neurotransmitter dysregulation throughout this network.
Serotonin, dopamine, glutamate, and -aminobutyric acid (GABA) are the main neurotransmitters
throughout the CSTC.
Compulsive behaviors linked to OCD are likely the product of a related dopaminergic reward
system dysfunction. Continuous ventral striatum activation may lead to an undirected expectation of
reward. Anxiety and a desire to fill the gap are caused by unfulfilled expectations.
Step-by-Step
explanation References
Richter, M. A., De Jesus, D. R., Hoppenbrouwers, S., Daigle, M., Deluce, J., Ravindran, L. N., ... &
Daskalakis, Z. J. (2019). Evidence for cortical inhibitory and excitatory dysfunction in obsessive
compulsive disorder. Neuropsychopharmacology, 37(5), 1144-1151.
Pittenger, C., Krystal, J. H., & Coric, V. (2016). Glutamate-modulating drugs as novel
pharmacotherapeutic agents in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. NeuroRx, 3(1), 69-
81.
, 1 points
QUESTION 2
1. Select the class of drugs most effective in treating pain disorder.
A
Opioid analgesics
.
B TCA and SSRI
. antidepressants
C Beta-adrenergic
. blockers
D
Mood stabilizers
.
Answer
:
Opioids analgesics
, Opioid analgesics are drugs that function on opioid receptors that are used to alleviate pain. Weak
opioid analgesics are often used to describe compound analgesics that combine acetaminophen with
low levels of codeine or tramadol. Opioid analgesics, which include oxycodone, hydrocodone, and
codeine, can be used to relieve mild to extreme acute pain.
Opioids are medications that are chemically similar to, but more potent than, the body's own pain
relievers (endorphins). They operate by binding to receptors on cells, primarily in the brain, spinal cord, and
gastrointestinal tract.
Step-by-Step
explanation References
Andrieu, G., Amrouni, H., Robin, E., Carnaille, B., Wattier, J. M., Pattou, F., ... & Lebuffe, G. (2017).
Analgesic efficacy of bilateral superficial cervical plexus block administered before thyroid surgery
under general anaesthesia. British journal of anaesthesia, 99(4), 561-566.
Mangione, M. P., & Crowley-Matoka, M. (2018). Improving pain management communication:
how patients understand the terms "opioid" and "narcotic". Journal of general internal medicine,
23(9), 1336.
1 points
QUESTION 3
1. Select the most commonly occurring eating disorder.
Answer:
