Minor Medische
Microbiologie Praktijk
Made by: Iris Gülcher
,Inhoudsopgave
Macroscopische Morfologie .................................................................................................................... 5
Macroscopische morfologie bacteriën .................................................................................................. 10
Gramnegatieve coccen ...................................................................................................................... 10
Gramnegatieve staven ...................................................................................................................... 10
Gramnegatieve staafjes..................................................................................................................... 10
Enterobacteriaceae ........................................................................................................................... 11
Pseudomonadaceae .......................................................................................................................... 11
Staphylococcen.................................................................................................................................. 11
Staphylococcus aureus ...................................................................................................................... 12
Enterococcen ..................................................................................................................................... 12
Streptococcen.................................................................................................................................... 12
Contaminatie ..................................................................................................................................... 12
Grampositieve staafjes ...................................................................................................................... 13
Grampositieve staven (voor CAMP) .................................................................................................. 13
Gramkleuring ......................................................................................................................................... 14
Microscopische Morfologie ................................................................................................................... 14
Gramnegatieve staven ...................................................................................................................... 14
Grampositieve kokken ....................................................................................................................... 14
Gramnegatieve kokken ..................................................................................................................... 14
Gramnegatieve staafjes..................................................................................................................... 15
Grampositieve staven........................................................................................................................ 15
Katalase test .......................................................................................................................................... 15
Oxidase test (meestal gramnegatief) .................................................................................................... 15
Determinatie gramnegatieve staven ..................................................................................................... 17
Flowchart determinatietesten gramnegatieve staven ...................................................................... 17
Determinatietechnieken gramnegatieve staven ............................................................................... 18
Oxidase test ................................................................................................................................... 18
Pseudoscreen ................................................................................................................................ 18
API20E............................................................................................................................................ 18
Indolspottest ................................................................................................................................. 18
ß-glucuronidase ............................................................................................................................. 18
Determinatietechnieken Nonfermentors.......................................................................................... 19
Macroscopische/microscopische morfologie + oxidase test ........................................................ 19
API20NE test .................................................................................................................................. 19
Determinatie grampositieve kokken ..................................................................................................... 20
Made by: Iris Gülcher
, Flowchart determinatietesten grampositieve kokken ..................................................................... 20
Determinatietechnieken grampositieve kokken ............................................................................... 21
Katalase test .................................................................................................................................. 21
Staphaurex test ............................................................................................................................. 21
Buis coagulase test ........................................................................................................................ 21
Novobiocine test ........................................................................................................................... 22
Trehalose mannitol test ................................................................................................................ 22
Esculine test................................................................................................................................... 22
Esculine Telluriet test (indifferent Streptococcen) ....................................................................... 22
Na-desoxycholaat 10% (vergroenende Streptococcen) ................................................................ 23
Optochine test (vergroenende Streptococcen)............................................................................. 23
Prolex test (Hemolytische streptococcen) .................................................................................... 23
Determinatie gramnegatieve kokken .................................................................................................... 25
Flowchart determinatietesten negatieve kokken ............................................................................. 25
Determinatietechnieken gramnegatieve kokken .............................................................................. 26
Schuiftest ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Tributyrin ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Neisseria gonorrhoeae .................................................................................................................. 26
Determinatie gramnegatieve staafjes ................................................................................................... 28
Flowchart determinatietesten gramnegatieve staafjes .................................................................... 28
Determinatietechnieken gramnegatieve staafjes ............................................................................. 29
Satelliettest.................................................................................................................................... 29
Determinatie grampositieve staven ...................................................................................................... 31
Flowchart determinatietesten grampositieve staven ....................................................................... 31
Determinatietechnieken grampositieve staven ................................................................................ 32
Omgekeerde Campreactie (Clostridium perfringens) ................................................................... 32
Listeria monocytogenes ................................................................................................................ 33
Mengculturen scheiden van elkaar met behulp van platen.................................................................. 34
Antibiotica resistentie en gevoeligheidspatronen Bijzonder resistente micro-organismen (BRMO) ... 36
Hoofdgroepen β-lactam antibiotica .................................................................................................. 36
Gramnegatievie staven met resistentie = BRMO (bijzonder resistent micro organisme) ................ 37
Resistentie mechanisme ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase) ......................................... 37
Resistentie mechanisme CPE (Carbapenemase-producerende Enterobacteriaceae) (vaak
pseudomonas) ............................................................................................................................... 38
Fluorochinolonen- en aminoglycosiden-resistentie (dubbelresistentie) ...................................... 38
AMP-C ............................................................................................................................................ 39
Made by: Iris Gülcher
, Effluxpomp .................................................................................................................................... 39
Grampositieve staven........................................................................................................................ 39
MRSA Meticilline-resistente Staphylococcus aureus .................................................................... 39
ERM-gen ........................................................................................................................................ 39
PENG1 ............................................................................................................................................ 39
Enterococcen ..................................................................................................................................... 40
VRE (ancomycine Resistente Enterokok) ...................................................................................... 40
Antibiotica groepen ........................................................................................................................... 40
Overzicht antibiotica ............................................................................................................................. 41
Bloedparasieten .................................................................................................................................... 43
Samenvatting van de bloedparasieten (Malaria) .............................................................................. 43
Overzicht de kenmerken van de 4 plasmodium soorten .................................................................. 47
Overige parasieten ................................................................................................................................ 48
Overzicht overige parasieten ............................................................................................................ 48
Parasitologische deremtinatie methodes ............................................................................................. 58
Bepaling parasietendichtheid bij Plasmodium falciparum ................................................................ 58
Ridley-concentratie methode............................................................................................................ 58
Elisa Giardia lamblia .......................................................................................................................... 58
Voorbereidende vragen + antwoorden praktijklessen ......................................................................... 59
Macroscopische morfologie .............................................................................................................. 59
Basistechnieken ................................................................................................................................. 59
Determinatie technieken................................................................................................................... 61
Katalase test ...................................................................................................................................... 62
Oxidase .............................................................................................................................................. 62
Gram negatieve staven...................................................................................................................... 63
Gram negatieve staafjes .................................................................................................................... 64
Gram positieve staven ....................................................................................................................... 64
Gram negatieve kokken..................................................................................................................... 65
Gram positieve kokken ...................................................................................................................... 65
Kleuringen ......................................................................................................................................... 67
Parasitologie kleuringen .................................................................................................................... 68
Technieken/methoden ...................................................................................................................... 69
Elisa Giardia lamblia .......................................................................................................................... 70
Made by: Iris Gülcher
, Macroscopische Morfologie
Bloedagarplaat MacConkey Grampreparaat Testen
1.1 -Grijze kolonies -Pigmentloze kolonies Gramnegatieve (slanke) Oxidase positief
-Middelgrote -Goed groeiend polymorfe staven Pseudomonas test =
kolonies -Rafelige kolonies (exogeen pigment
-Ruikt chemisch -Middelgrote kolonies groen) resistant dus
-Kartelig -Geen lactosefermentatie Pseudomonas
-Hemolytisch aeruginosa
1.2 - -Kleine kolonies (pinpoint) Gramnegatieve slanke Oxidase positief
Grijs/pigmentloze -Ronde kolonies polymorfe staven Pseudomonas test
-Kleine kolonies -Pigmentloze kolonies (Müller hinton agar +
(pinpoint?) -Bolle kolonies tablet) = resistant dus
-Ronde kolonies Pseudomonas
(sommige lijken aeruginosa
op
waterdruppels)
-Platte kolonies
-Glanzend
2.1 -Grijze kolonies -Ronde kolonies Gramnegatieve Oxidase negatief
-Middelgrote -Roze kolonies polymorfe staven API20E +
kolonies -Middelgrote kolonies bloedagarplaat of
-Platte kolonies -Openstaande kolonies indolspot en B-
-Geen strakke -Lactosefermentatie glucoronidase
rand Escherichia coli
-A-hemolytisch
2.2 -Grijze kolonies -Grote kolonies Gramnegatieve Oxidase negatief
-A-hemolytisch -Roze kolonies en sommige polymorfe staven API20E +
-Bolle kolonies kolonies nemen kleur van bloedagarplaat
-Grote kolonies medium op
-Glanzende -Glanzende kolonies
kolonies -Slijmerige kolonies
2.3 -Grijze kolonies -Kleine kolonies Gramnegatieve korte Oxidase negatief
-Losliggende -Bleke kolonie polymorfe staven API20E +
kolonies -Kleur van kolonie komt door bloedagarplaat
-Endogeen endogeen pigment -Serratia marcescens
pigment -Ronde kolonies
-Grote kolonies -Glanzende kolonies
-Ronde kolonies -Bolle kolonies
-Bolle kolonies
-Glanzende
kolonies
2.4 -Grote kolonies -Kleine kolonies Gramnegatieve lange Oxidase negatief
-Licht grijze -Geel medium staven API20E +
kolonies bloedagarplaat
Made by: Iris Gülcher
Microbiologie Praktijk
Made by: Iris Gülcher
,Inhoudsopgave
Macroscopische Morfologie .................................................................................................................... 5
Macroscopische morfologie bacteriën .................................................................................................. 10
Gramnegatieve coccen ...................................................................................................................... 10
Gramnegatieve staven ...................................................................................................................... 10
Gramnegatieve staafjes..................................................................................................................... 10
Enterobacteriaceae ........................................................................................................................... 11
Pseudomonadaceae .......................................................................................................................... 11
Staphylococcen.................................................................................................................................. 11
Staphylococcus aureus ...................................................................................................................... 12
Enterococcen ..................................................................................................................................... 12
Streptococcen.................................................................................................................................... 12
Contaminatie ..................................................................................................................................... 12
Grampositieve staafjes ...................................................................................................................... 13
Grampositieve staven (voor CAMP) .................................................................................................. 13
Gramkleuring ......................................................................................................................................... 14
Microscopische Morfologie ................................................................................................................... 14
Gramnegatieve staven ...................................................................................................................... 14
Grampositieve kokken ....................................................................................................................... 14
Gramnegatieve kokken ..................................................................................................................... 14
Gramnegatieve staafjes..................................................................................................................... 15
Grampositieve staven........................................................................................................................ 15
Katalase test .......................................................................................................................................... 15
Oxidase test (meestal gramnegatief) .................................................................................................... 15
Determinatie gramnegatieve staven ..................................................................................................... 17
Flowchart determinatietesten gramnegatieve staven ...................................................................... 17
Determinatietechnieken gramnegatieve staven ............................................................................... 18
Oxidase test ................................................................................................................................... 18
Pseudoscreen ................................................................................................................................ 18
API20E............................................................................................................................................ 18
Indolspottest ................................................................................................................................. 18
ß-glucuronidase ............................................................................................................................. 18
Determinatietechnieken Nonfermentors.......................................................................................... 19
Macroscopische/microscopische morfologie + oxidase test ........................................................ 19
API20NE test .................................................................................................................................. 19
Determinatie grampositieve kokken ..................................................................................................... 20
Made by: Iris Gülcher
, Flowchart determinatietesten grampositieve kokken ..................................................................... 20
Determinatietechnieken grampositieve kokken ............................................................................... 21
Katalase test .................................................................................................................................. 21
Staphaurex test ............................................................................................................................. 21
Buis coagulase test ........................................................................................................................ 21
Novobiocine test ........................................................................................................................... 22
Trehalose mannitol test ................................................................................................................ 22
Esculine test................................................................................................................................... 22
Esculine Telluriet test (indifferent Streptococcen) ....................................................................... 22
Na-desoxycholaat 10% (vergroenende Streptococcen) ................................................................ 23
Optochine test (vergroenende Streptococcen)............................................................................. 23
Prolex test (Hemolytische streptococcen) .................................................................................... 23
Determinatie gramnegatieve kokken .................................................................................................... 25
Flowchart determinatietesten negatieve kokken ............................................................................. 25
Determinatietechnieken gramnegatieve kokken .............................................................................. 26
Schuiftest ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Tributyrin ....................................................................................................................................... 26
Neisseria gonorrhoeae .................................................................................................................. 26
Determinatie gramnegatieve staafjes ................................................................................................... 28
Flowchart determinatietesten gramnegatieve staafjes .................................................................... 28
Determinatietechnieken gramnegatieve staafjes ............................................................................. 29
Satelliettest.................................................................................................................................... 29
Determinatie grampositieve staven ...................................................................................................... 31
Flowchart determinatietesten grampositieve staven ....................................................................... 31
Determinatietechnieken grampositieve staven ................................................................................ 32
Omgekeerde Campreactie (Clostridium perfringens) ................................................................... 32
Listeria monocytogenes ................................................................................................................ 33
Mengculturen scheiden van elkaar met behulp van platen.................................................................. 34
Antibiotica resistentie en gevoeligheidspatronen Bijzonder resistente micro-organismen (BRMO) ... 36
Hoofdgroepen β-lactam antibiotica .................................................................................................. 36
Gramnegatievie staven met resistentie = BRMO (bijzonder resistent micro organisme) ................ 37
Resistentie mechanisme ESBL (Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase) ......................................... 37
Resistentie mechanisme CPE (Carbapenemase-producerende Enterobacteriaceae) (vaak
pseudomonas) ............................................................................................................................... 38
Fluorochinolonen- en aminoglycosiden-resistentie (dubbelresistentie) ...................................... 38
AMP-C ............................................................................................................................................ 39
Made by: Iris Gülcher
, Effluxpomp .................................................................................................................................... 39
Grampositieve staven........................................................................................................................ 39
MRSA Meticilline-resistente Staphylococcus aureus .................................................................... 39
ERM-gen ........................................................................................................................................ 39
PENG1 ............................................................................................................................................ 39
Enterococcen ..................................................................................................................................... 40
VRE (ancomycine Resistente Enterokok) ...................................................................................... 40
Antibiotica groepen ........................................................................................................................... 40
Overzicht antibiotica ............................................................................................................................. 41
Bloedparasieten .................................................................................................................................... 43
Samenvatting van de bloedparasieten (Malaria) .............................................................................. 43
Overzicht de kenmerken van de 4 plasmodium soorten .................................................................. 47
Overige parasieten ................................................................................................................................ 48
Overzicht overige parasieten ............................................................................................................ 48
Parasitologische deremtinatie methodes ............................................................................................. 58
Bepaling parasietendichtheid bij Plasmodium falciparum ................................................................ 58
Ridley-concentratie methode............................................................................................................ 58
Elisa Giardia lamblia .......................................................................................................................... 58
Voorbereidende vragen + antwoorden praktijklessen ......................................................................... 59
Macroscopische morfologie .............................................................................................................. 59
Basistechnieken ................................................................................................................................. 59
Determinatie technieken................................................................................................................... 61
Katalase test ...................................................................................................................................... 62
Oxidase .............................................................................................................................................. 62
Gram negatieve staven...................................................................................................................... 63
Gram negatieve staafjes .................................................................................................................... 64
Gram positieve staven ....................................................................................................................... 64
Gram negatieve kokken..................................................................................................................... 65
Gram positieve kokken ...................................................................................................................... 65
Kleuringen ......................................................................................................................................... 67
Parasitologie kleuringen .................................................................................................................... 68
Technieken/methoden ...................................................................................................................... 69
Elisa Giardia lamblia .......................................................................................................................... 70
Made by: Iris Gülcher
, Macroscopische Morfologie
Bloedagarplaat MacConkey Grampreparaat Testen
1.1 -Grijze kolonies -Pigmentloze kolonies Gramnegatieve (slanke) Oxidase positief
-Middelgrote -Goed groeiend polymorfe staven Pseudomonas test =
kolonies -Rafelige kolonies (exogeen pigment
-Ruikt chemisch -Middelgrote kolonies groen) resistant dus
-Kartelig -Geen lactosefermentatie Pseudomonas
-Hemolytisch aeruginosa
1.2 - -Kleine kolonies (pinpoint) Gramnegatieve slanke Oxidase positief
Grijs/pigmentloze -Ronde kolonies polymorfe staven Pseudomonas test
-Kleine kolonies -Pigmentloze kolonies (Müller hinton agar +
(pinpoint?) -Bolle kolonies tablet) = resistant dus
-Ronde kolonies Pseudomonas
(sommige lijken aeruginosa
op
waterdruppels)
-Platte kolonies
-Glanzend
2.1 -Grijze kolonies -Ronde kolonies Gramnegatieve Oxidase negatief
-Middelgrote -Roze kolonies polymorfe staven API20E +
kolonies -Middelgrote kolonies bloedagarplaat of
-Platte kolonies -Openstaande kolonies indolspot en B-
-Geen strakke -Lactosefermentatie glucoronidase
rand Escherichia coli
-A-hemolytisch
2.2 -Grijze kolonies -Grote kolonies Gramnegatieve Oxidase negatief
-A-hemolytisch -Roze kolonies en sommige polymorfe staven API20E +
-Bolle kolonies kolonies nemen kleur van bloedagarplaat
-Grote kolonies medium op
-Glanzende -Glanzende kolonies
kolonies -Slijmerige kolonies
2.3 -Grijze kolonies -Kleine kolonies Gramnegatieve korte Oxidase negatief
-Losliggende -Bleke kolonie polymorfe staven API20E +
kolonies -Kleur van kolonie komt door bloedagarplaat
-Endogeen endogeen pigment -Serratia marcescens
pigment -Ronde kolonies
-Grote kolonies -Glanzende kolonies
-Ronde kolonies -Bolle kolonies
-Bolle kolonies
-Glanzende
kolonies
2.4 -Grote kolonies -Kleine kolonies Gramnegatieve lange Oxidase negatief
-Licht grijze -Geel medium staven API20E +
kolonies bloedagarplaat
Made by: Iris Gülcher
