NUR 4150 - Community
Health Exam 1 Study
Guide.
,LEVELS OF PREVENTION
Primary Prevention: trying to prevent yourself from getting a disease, educate
Example: vaccines before kids go to school or a public health nurse develops a health
education program for a population of school age children that teaches them about the
effects of smoking on health
Secondary Prevention: trying to detect a disease early and prevent it from getting worse
Example: screening for lice, STD’s, scoliosis, substance abuse, hearing tests, any injury
looking for child abuse, the public health nurse provides an influenza vaccination
program in a community retirement village.
Tertiary Prevention: Trying to improve your quality of life and reduce the symptoms of
the disease you already have
Example: Give meds for their disease, anything that is long term, the public health nurse
provides a diabetes clinic for a define population of adults in a low-income housing unit
of the community
Chapter 12: COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION
Community: people and the relationships that emerge among them as they develop and use in
common some agencies and institutions and a physical environment
➢ People: the community residents
➢ Place: both the geographical and time dimensions
➢ Function: the aims and activities of the community
-Goal for community as client: improved health of the community
-When the location of the practice is in the community but the focus of practice is the individual
or family = practice is on the individual, not the community
➢ For care to be community as client = requires that the improved health of the
community remains the overall goal of nursing intervention
Community-Oriented Practice:
➢ Goal: nurse and community seek healthful change together
➢ Personal safety is important to consider for community-oriented nursing to be
effective
o Best two guidelines for judgement: awareness and common sense
-Community health: has three common characteristics: status, structure, and process
➢ Status: involves physical (i.e., morbidity and mortality rates), emotional (i.e.,
client satisfaction), and social (i.e., crime rates) components
➢ Structure: services and resources in a community
➢ Process: effective community functioning or problem solving
-Healthy People 2020: offers a vision of the future for healthy communities and specific
objectives to help fulfill that vision.
, -Recognizes the need to work collectively, in community partnerships, to bring about the
changes that will be necessary to fulfill this vision.
-Community partnerships: the active participation and involvement of the community or its
representatives in healthful change.
Assessment of Community Health:
➢ Nursing process to promote community health
➢ Data collection and interpretation: through interviews, observation, windshield
survey, secondary analysis of data (can be direct or reported data), other
surveys
➢ Data gathering/generation
➢ Composite database analysis
➢ Identifying community problems/issues
➢ Planning the community health
➢ Establishing goals, objectives, and interventions
➢ Implementing for community health and evaluating the intervention
Three sources of information about a community:
➢ Other nurse, social workers, HCPs, community members, your observations
Chapter 13: CASE MANAGEMENT
Care Management: a program or process that establishes systems and monitors the health status
of individuals, families, and/or groups.
-The program or process develops planning and intervention activities, as well as targeted
evaluation outcomes for the client and program.
-Includes the following strategies: management; critical paths; disease management;
demand management; and case management.
-More complex in rural settings
-Weaknesses of health services are often discovered through a nurse’s case management
activities
Case management: a strategy used in care management, includes the activities implemented with
individual clients in the system.
Building Blocks Used by Case Managers:
➢ Risk analysis
➢ Data mapping/monitoring for health processes, indicators, and unexpected
illnesses
➢ Epidemiologic investigation of unexpected illnesses
➢ Multidisciplinary development of action plans and programs
➢ Identifying case management triggers or events that promote earlier referrals of
high-risk clients when prevention can have dramatic results
Case manager: builds on the basic functions of the traditional role and adapts new competencies
for managing transition from one part of the system to another or to home.
➢ Helps clients manage conflicting needs and scarce resources
Health Exam 1 Study
Guide.
,LEVELS OF PREVENTION
Primary Prevention: trying to prevent yourself from getting a disease, educate
Example: vaccines before kids go to school or a public health nurse develops a health
education program for a population of school age children that teaches them about the
effects of smoking on health
Secondary Prevention: trying to detect a disease early and prevent it from getting worse
Example: screening for lice, STD’s, scoliosis, substance abuse, hearing tests, any injury
looking for child abuse, the public health nurse provides an influenza vaccination
program in a community retirement village.
Tertiary Prevention: Trying to improve your quality of life and reduce the symptoms of
the disease you already have
Example: Give meds for their disease, anything that is long term, the public health nurse
provides a diabetes clinic for a define population of adults in a low-income housing unit
of the community
Chapter 12: COMMUNITY ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION
Community: people and the relationships that emerge among them as they develop and use in
common some agencies and institutions and a physical environment
➢ People: the community residents
➢ Place: both the geographical and time dimensions
➢ Function: the aims and activities of the community
-Goal for community as client: improved health of the community
-When the location of the practice is in the community but the focus of practice is the individual
or family = practice is on the individual, not the community
➢ For care to be community as client = requires that the improved health of the
community remains the overall goal of nursing intervention
Community-Oriented Practice:
➢ Goal: nurse and community seek healthful change together
➢ Personal safety is important to consider for community-oriented nursing to be
effective
o Best two guidelines for judgement: awareness and common sense
-Community health: has three common characteristics: status, structure, and process
➢ Status: involves physical (i.e., morbidity and mortality rates), emotional (i.e.,
client satisfaction), and social (i.e., crime rates) components
➢ Structure: services and resources in a community
➢ Process: effective community functioning or problem solving
-Healthy People 2020: offers a vision of the future for healthy communities and specific
objectives to help fulfill that vision.
, -Recognizes the need to work collectively, in community partnerships, to bring about the
changes that will be necessary to fulfill this vision.
-Community partnerships: the active participation and involvement of the community or its
representatives in healthful change.
Assessment of Community Health:
➢ Nursing process to promote community health
➢ Data collection and interpretation: through interviews, observation, windshield
survey, secondary analysis of data (can be direct or reported data), other
surveys
➢ Data gathering/generation
➢ Composite database analysis
➢ Identifying community problems/issues
➢ Planning the community health
➢ Establishing goals, objectives, and interventions
➢ Implementing for community health and evaluating the intervention
Three sources of information about a community:
➢ Other nurse, social workers, HCPs, community members, your observations
Chapter 13: CASE MANAGEMENT
Care Management: a program or process that establishes systems and monitors the health status
of individuals, families, and/or groups.
-The program or process develops planning and intervention activities, as well as targeted
evaluation outcomes for the client and program.
-Includes the following strategies: management; critical paths; disease management;
demand management; and case management.
-More complex in rural settings
-Weaknesses of health services are often discovered through a nurse’s case management
activities
Case management: a strategy used in care management, includes the activities implemented with
individual clients in the system.
Building Blocks Used by Case Managers:
➢ Risk analysis
➢ Data mapping/monitoring for health processes, indicators, and unexpected
illnesses
➢ Epidemiologic investigation of unexpected illnesses
➢ Multidisciplinary development of action plans and programs
➢ Identifying case management triggers or events that promote earlier referrals of
high-risk clients when prevention can have dramatic results
Case manager: builds on the basic functions of the traditional role and adapts new competencies
for managing transition from one part of the system to another or to home.
➢ Helps clients manage conflicting needs and scarce resources
