C963 Final prep (Answered)
Major contributors to social contract theory
Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacque Rousseau, Montesquieu
Requirements to be a Representative/term information
Citizen for 7 years, at least 25 years old/2 year term, based on population
Civil rights
Rights to be free from discrimination/free from unequal treatment/requirements for
government action
Powers of the legislative branch
Tax citizens, set budget, impeach, regulate commerce, declare war provide advise and
consent on appointments, oversee powers of other branches
Thomas Hobbes view of society and what social contract theory should protect
World is nasty; right to life
Implied powers
Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution. Right to regulate banks, establish
minimum wage, construction and maintenance of highways.
Requirements to be a Senator/term information
Citizen for 9 years, at least 30 years old/6 year term, 2 per state
Civil liberties
Basic freedoms/free to exercise religion, speech, etc.../restrictions on government
power
Thirteenth Amendment
Abolished slavery
John Locke view of society and what social contract theory should protect
World is decent and rational; right to life, liberty, and property
How many members of the House of Representatives are there?
435
Enumerated/expressed powers
Powers explicitly stated in the Constitution. Right to levy taxes, declare war, regulate
money stuff, regulate immigration.
Mass media
All forms of media that communicate information to the general public, including TV,
radio, print, and the internet.
Jean-Jacque Rousseau view of society and what social contract theory should
protect
World starts out good but declines with population increase; right to liberty
Inherent powers
Powers that must be assumed to exist as a direct result of the country's existence. Right
to control borders of the state, expand territory, defend itself from revolution/coups.
Important acts to Congressional campaigns
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act - limits soft money; Federal Election Campaign Act -
created FEC and discloses donors
Fourteenth Amendment
Formally defined citizenship and the requirement that privileges and immunities of
citizenship are respected. African Americans were allowed to be citizens.
, Reserved powers
Powers not specifically granted to the federal government or denied to the states belong
to the states and the people
Concurrent powers
Powers held jointly by the national and state governments.
Hard money
Campaign money that is subject to regulations by the FEC; contributed directly to a
candidate
Fifteenth Amendment
Gave voting rights regardless of race or previous condition of servitude
State of nature
A condition in which no governments or laws existed at all
Commerce Clause
The clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1) that gives Congress the
power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one
state or other nations.
Social contract theory
A voluntary agreement between the government and the governed
Evidence of Congress exercising power of the commerce clause
Racial desegregation, No Gun School Zone ruled unconstitutional, the Affordable Care
Act
Soft money
Campaign contributions unregulated by federal or state law; usually given to parties and
party committees to help fund general party activities.
Rational scrutiny
Applies to most types of discrimination. The government has to demonstrate only that it
has a good reason for engaging in it (not allowing blind people to drive because it would
be dangerous)
Natural rights
The idea that all people have rights to life, liberty, and property
Ways the legislative branch checks the other branches
Advise and consent, impeachment, and oversight
Why do incumbents win?
Name recognition, visibility, resources of office, money, professionalism, and careerism
Intermediate scrutiny
Applies when discrimination is based on gender or sex. The government has to prove
why the unequal treatment is justified.
Framing
The process of giving a news story a specific context or background.
Hypodermic theory
An intended message is received and wholly accepted by the receiver.
Strict scrutiny
Applies when fundamental freedoms or suspected classes are the target. The
government has to prove why the unequal treatment is justified and that it has used the
least restrictive means.
Consensual political rule
Major contributors to social contract theory
Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean-Jacque Rousseau, Montesquieu
Requirements to be a Representative/term information
Citizen for 7 years, at least 25 years old/2 year term, based on population
Civil rights
Rights to be free from discrimination/free from unequal treatment/requirements for
government action
Powers of the legislative branch
Tax citizens, set budget, impeach, regulate commerce, declare war provide advise and
consent on appointments, oversee powers of other branches
Thomas Hobbes view of society and what social contract theory should protect
World is nasty; right to life
Implied powers
Powers not specifically mentioned in the constitution. Right to regulate banks, establish
minimum wage, construction and maintenance of highways.
Requirements to be a Senator/term information
Citizen for 9 years, at least 30 years old/6 year term, 2 per state
Civil liberties
Basic freedoms/free to exercise religion, speech, etc.../restrictions on government
power
Thirteenth Amendment
Abolished slavery
John Locke view of society and what social contract theory should protect
World is decent and rational; right to life, liberty, and property
How many members of the House of Representatives are there?
435
Enumerated/expressed powers
Powers explicitly stated in the Constitution. Right to levy taxes, declare war, regulate
money stuff, regulate immigration.
Mass media
All forms of media that communicate information to the general public, including TV,
radio, print, and the internet.
Jean-Jacque Rousseau view of society and what social contract theory should
protect
World starts out good but declines with population increase; right to liberty
Inherent powers
Powers that must be assumed to exist as a direct result of the country's existence. Right
to control borders of the state, expand territory, defend itself from revolution/coups.
Important acts to Congressional campaigns
Bipartisan Campaign Reform Act - limits soft money; Federal Election Campaign Act -
created FEC and discloses donors
Fourteenth Amendment
Formally defined citizenship and the requirement that privileges and immunities of
citizenship are respected. African Americans were allowed to be citizens.
, Reserved powers
Powers not specifically granted to the federal government or denied to the states belong
to the states and the people
Concurrent powers
Powers held jointly by the national and state governments.
Hard money
Campaign money that is subject to regulations by the FEC; contributed directly to a
candidate
Fifteenth Amendment
Gave voting rights regardless of race or previous condition of servitude
State of nature
A condition in which no governments or laws existed at all
Commerce Clause
The clause in the Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 1) that gives Congress the
power to regulate all business activities that cross state lines or affect more than one
state or other nations.
Social contract theory
A voluntary agreement between the government and the governed
Evidence of Congress exercising power of the commerce clause
Racial desegregation, No Gun School Zone ruled unconstitutional, the Affordable Care
Act
Soft money
Campaign contributions unregulated by federal or state law; usually given to parties and
party committees to help fund general party activities.
Rational scrutiny
Applies to most types of discrimination. The government has to demonstrate only that it
has a good reason for engaging in it (not allowing blind people to drive because it would
be dangerous)
Natural rights
The idea that all people have rights to life, liberty, and property
Ways the legislative branch checks the other branches
Advise and consent, impeachment, and oversight
Why do incumbents win?
Name recognition, visibility, resources of office, money, professionalism, and careerism
Intermediate scrutiny
Applies when discrimination is based on gender or sex. The government has to prove
why the unequal treatment is justified.
Framing
The process of giving a news story a specific context or background.
Hypodermic theory
An intended message is received and wholly accepted by the receiver.
Strict scrutiny
Applies when fundamental freedoms or suspected classes are the target. The
government has to prove why the unequal treatment is justified and that it has used the
least restrictive means.
Consensual political rule
