Alphabetical listing of pathologies
(P to W)
Paget’s disease
Characterized by an excessive amount of bone breakdown associated
with abnormal bone formation causing the bones to become enlarged,
deformed and weak.
Parkinson’s disease
A degenerative disease of the substantia nigra that reduces the amount
of dopamine in the basal ganglia.
Pellegrini–Stieda syndrome
Local calcification of the femoral attachment of the medial collateral
ligament (MCL), usually following direct trauma or a sprain/tear of the
MCL.
Perthes’ disease
Seen mainly in young boys, it affects the upper femoral epiphysis, which
becomes ischaemic and necrotic.
Piriformis syndrome
Irritation of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle.
Plantar fasciitis
An inflammatory or degenerative condition affecting the plantar fascia.
Pain is usually felt along the medial aspect
Pleural effusion
A collection of excess fluid in the pleural cavity which can be
caused by a number of mechanisms:
– increased hydrostatic pressure, e.g. congestive heart failure
– decreased plasma-oncotic pressure, e.g. cirrhosis of the
, liver, malnutrition
– increased capillary permeability, e.g. inflammation of the
pleura
– impaired lymphatic absorption, e.g. malignancy
– communication with peritoneal space and fluid, e.g.
ascites.
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura causing severe pain as a result of friction
between their adjoining surfaces.
Pneumonia
An inflammation of the lung tissue, mostly caused by bacterial or viral
infection but also by fungi or aspiration of gastric contents.
Pneumothorax
A collection of air in the pleural cavity following a lesion in the lung or
trauma to the chest, which causes the lung to collapse.
Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by one of
three types of poliovirus.
Polyarteritis nodosa
A vasculitic syndrome where small and medium-sized arteries are
attacked by rogue immune cells causing inflammation and necrosis.
Polymyalgia rheumatica
A vasculitic syndrome associated with fever and generalized
pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulder and pelvic girdle
areas.
(P to W)
Paget’s disease
Characterized by an excessive amount of bone breakdown associated
with abnormal bone formation causing the bones to become enlarged,
deformed and weak.
Parkinson’s disease
A degenerative disease of the substantia nigra that reduces the amount
of dopamine in the basal ganglia.
Pellegrini–Stieda syndrome
Local calcification of the femoral attachment of the medial collateral
ligament (MCL), usually following direct trauma or a sprain/tear of the
MCL.
Perthes’ disease
Seen mainly in young boys, it affects the upper femoral epiphysis, which
becomes ischaemic and necrotic.
Piriformis syndrome
Irritation of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle.
Plantar fasciitis
An inflammatory or degenerative condition affecting the plantar fascia.
Pain is usually felt along the medial aspect
Pleural effusion
A collection of excess fluid in the pleural cavity which can be
caused by a number of mechanisms:
– increased hydrostatic pressure, e.g. congestive heart failure
– decreased plasma-oncotic pressure, e.g. cirrhosis of the
, liver, malnutrition
– increased capillary permeability, e.g. inflammation of the
pleura
– impaired lymphatic absorption, e.g. malignancy
– communication with peritoneal space and fluid, e.g.
ascites.
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleura causing severe pain as a result of friction
between their adjoining surfaces.
Pneumonia
An inflammation of the lung tissue, mostly caused by bacterial or viral
infection but also by fungi or aspiration of gastric contents.
Pneumothorax
A collection of air in the pleural cavity following a lesion in the lung or
trauma to the chest, which causes the lung to collapse.
Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis is a highly contagious infectious disease caused by one of
three types of poliovirus.
Polyarteritis nodosa
A vasculitic syndrome where small and medium-sized arteries are
attacked by rogue immune cells causing inflammation and necrosis.
Polymyalgia rheumatica
A vasculitic syndrome associated with fever and generalized
pain and stiffness, especially in the shoulder and pelvic girdle
areas.
