College Biology Exam 2 with Answers
What are the forms of energy? - Kinetic energy & Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy - Energy of motion
Potential Energy - Chemical Energy
What are the two Laws of Thermodynamics? - "Law of conservation of energy" &
"Energy transfers increase entropy"
Metabolism - The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell
Exergonic reactions - Release energy
Endergonic Reactions - Require input of energy to occur
ATP - (Adenosine Triphosphate) Nucleotide triphosphate that releases energy when
hydrolyzed
How does ATP act as a carrier of energy? - The hydrolysis of ATP is coupled to the
energy-requiring reaction so both reactions occur at the same place & at the same time
ATP Hydrolysis - An exergonic reaction that releases energy
Enzyme - a protein molecule that functions to speed up a chemical reaction without
being affected by the reaction itself
Metabolic pathway - A series of linked reactions within a cell
Energy of Activation (Ea) - Enzymes speed up the reaction rate by lowering the amount
of energy require to activate the reactants
What 4 things affect enzymatic speed? - Substrate concentration, enzyme
concentration, optimal pH, temperature. (Extras/not as important: enzyme cofactors and
enzyme inhibition)
Photosynthesis - Converts solar energy into the chemical energy of a carbohydrate.
Solar energy → ATP (plant) → Glucose
Cellular respiration - Metabolic reactions that use the energy from carbohydrate, fatty
acid, or amino acid breakdown to produce ATP molecules.
Glucose + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY
What are the forms of energy? - Kinetic energy & Potential Energy
Kinetic Energy - Energy of motion
Potential Energy - Chemical Energy
What are the two Laws of Thermodynamics? - "Law of conservation of energy" &
"Energy transfers increase entropy"
Metabolism - The sum of all chemical reactions that occur in a cell
Exergonic reactions - Release energy
Endergonic Reactions - Require input of energy to occur
ATP - (Adenosine Triphosphate) Nucleotide triphosphate that releases energy when
hydrolyzed
How does ATP act as a carrier of energy? - The hydrolysis of ATP is coupled to the
energy-requiring reaction so both reactions occur at the same place & at the same time
ATP Hydrolysis - An exergonic reaction that releases energy
Enzyme - a protein molecule that functions to speed up a chemical reaction without
being affected by the reaction itself
Metabolic pathway - A series of linked reactions within a cell
Energy of Activation (Ea) - Enzymes speed up the reaction rate by lowering the amount
of energy require to activate the reactants
What 4 things affect enzymatic speed? - Substrate concentration, enzyme
concentration, optimal pH, temperature. (Extras/not as important: enzyme cofactors and
enzyme inhibition)
Photosynthesis - Converts solar energy into the chemical energy of a carbohydrate.
Solar energy → ATP (plant) → Glucose
Cellular respiration - Metabolic reactions that use the energy from carbohydrate, fatty
acid, or amino acid breakdown to produce ATP molecules.
Glucose + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ENERGY
