NCSBN NCLEX Lesson 8-F Endocrine
What hormones are produced in the posterior pituitary? - ANS; 1. antidiuretic hormone
(also called vasopressin)
2. oxytocin
What hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary? - ANS; 1. FSH (follicle-
stimulating hormone)
2. LH (luteinizing hormone)
3. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
4. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)
5. GH (growth hormone)
What hormones are produced in the thyroid gland produces? - ANS; 1. T4
2. T3
3. Calcitonin
The thyroid gland is controlled by the a ___ through negative feedback and the release
of ___. - ANS; The thyroid gland is controlled by the anterior pituitary gland through
negative feedback and the release of TSH.
controls cellular metabolism and blood calcium levels - ANS; Thyroid gland
controls calcium and phosphorus metabolism - ANS; Parathyroid glands (There are 4
located near the thyroid gland)
Describe the Adrenal Cortex - ANS; The adrenal cortex is the outer portion of the
adrenal gland which is located at the top of each kidney.
Name the three types of steroid hormones produced by the Adrenal Cortex - ANS; 1.
glucocorticoids
2. mineralocorticoids
3. androgens (Sex Hormones)
**Remember the adrenal gland (cortex) hormones: SSS
S = Sugar (glucocorticoids)
S = Salt (mineralocorticoids)
S = Sex (androgens)
Function of glucocorticoids - ANS; glucocorticoids:
1. Affect your mood (insomnia, depressed, psychotic, euphoric)
2. Affect immune defenses
,3. Breakdown FATS
4. Inhibit INSULIN
** The Sugar in SSS
What type of hormone is Aldosterone? - ANS; mineralocorticoids
** The Salt in SSS
Function of mineralocorticoids/ Aldosterone - ANS; regulates electrolyte balance
Makes you retain Sodium (Na) and Water
Makes you lose Potassium (K)
What will happen if you have too much aldosterone? - ANS; 1. Fluid volume excess
2. Decreased Potassium (K)
What will happen if you have insufficient aldosterone? - ANS; 1. Fluid volume deficit
2. Increased Potassium (K)
Gradual destruction of the ____, resulting in decreased production of cortisol and often
aldosterone. - ANS; Gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex, resulting in decreased
production of cortisol and often aldosterone.
*Addison's disease also called primary adrenal insufficiency
a protein hormone of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal
cortex - ANS; adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
a glucocorticoid which has anti-inflammatory and immunosupressive properties, and
whose levels in the blood may become elevated in response to physical or
psychological stress - ANS; Cortisol
*also called also hydrocortisone
Describe the Adrenal Medulla - ANS; The Adrenal Medulla is the inner portion of the
adrenal gland which is located at the top of each kidney.
Name the two types of hormones produced by the Adrenal Medulla - ANS; The Adrenal
Medulla produces epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are responsible for the flight
or flight response
under-activity of the anterior pituitary gland is called - ANS; Hypopituitarism
*also known as panhypopituitarism
, most common cause of Hypopituitarism is - ANS; benign pituitary tumor
*also known as adenoma
Describe the patho behind hypogonadism - ANS; adenoma or other head injury >>
Hypopituitarism >> Insufficient androgens (sex hormones) secreted from the anterior
pituitary >> hypogonadism (amenorrhea, impotence, decreased libido)
Describe the patho behind hyponatremia as it is related to syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) - ANS; adenoma or other head injury >> Hypopituitarism
>> TOO MUCH (inappropriate) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted by the posterior
pituitary >> Kidneys retain water >> system diluted >> low sodium in relation to water
Describe the patho behind Diabetes insipidus - ANS; Head injury, surgery, infection,
decreased blood supply or tumor >> Posterior pituitary gland damaged >> Posterior
pituitary gland makes too little antidiuretic hormone (ADH) >> failure of tubular
reabsorption of water in the kidneys >> diuresis
drug of choice for Diabetes insipidus - ANS; desmopressin (DDAVP)
a loss of brain function as a result of severe, longstanding hypothyroidism - ANS;
myxedema crisis/coma
Hypothyroidism: Lab findings - ANS; 1. TSH - increased but serum T3 and T4 -
decreased
2. CBC - anemia
3. cholesterol and triglycerides - elevated
4. liver enzymes - elevated
5. prolactin - increased
6. sodium - low
7. serum glucose - hypoglycemia
Hypothyroidism: observational findings - ANS; 1. weight gain
2. thin, brittle hair or fingernails
3. puffy face, hands, feet,
4. slow speech & hoarseness (late
5. fatigue
6. cold
7. constipation
8. heavy menstrual periods
9. Depression (hypothyroidism often confused for depression)
teach clients with hypothyroidism - ANS; i. how to conserve energy
ii. how to avoid or manage stress
iii. importance of lifelong therapy
What hormones are produced in the posterior pituitary? - ANS; 1. antidiuretic hormone
(also called vasopressin)
2. oxytocin
What hormones are produced in the anterior pituitary? - ANS; 1. FSH (follicle-
stimulating hormone)
2. LH (luteinizing hormone)
3. ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
4. TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone)
5. GH (growth hormone)
What hormones are produced in the thyroid gland produces? - ANS; 1. T4
2. T3
3. Calcitonin
The thyroid gland is controlled by the a ___ through negative feedback and the release
of ___. - ANS; The thyroid gland is controlled by the anterior pituitary gland through
negative feedback and the release of TSH.
controls cellular metabolism and blood calcium levels - ANS; Thyroid gland
controls calcium and phosphorus metabolism - ANS; Parathyroid glands (There are 4
located near the thyroid gland)
Describe the Adrenal Cortex - ANS; The adrenal cortex is the outer portion of the
adrenal gland which is located at the top of each kidney.
Name the three types of steroid hormones produced by the Adrenal Cortex - ANS; 1.
glucocorticoids
2. mineralocorticoids
3. androgens (Sex Hormones)
**Remember the adrenal gland (cortex) hormones: SSS
S = Sugar (glucocorticoids)
S = Salt (mineralocorticoids)
S = Sex (androgens)
Function of glucocorticoids - ANS; glucocorticoids:
1. Affect your mood (insomnia, depressed, psychotic, euphoric)
2. Affect immune defenses
,3. Breakdown FATS
4. Inhibit INSULIN
** The Sugar in SSS
What type of hormone is Aldosterone? - ANS; mineralocorticoids
** The Salt in SSS
Function of mineralocorticoids/ Aldosterone - ANS; regulates electrolyte balance
Makes you retain Sodium (Na) and Water
Makes you lose Potassium (K)
What will happen if you have too much aldosterone? - ANS; 1. Fluid volume excess
2. Decreased Potassium (K)
What will happen if you have insufficient aldosterone? - ANS; 1. Fluid volume deficit
2. Increased Potassium (K)
Gradual destruction of the ____, resulting in decreased production of cortisol and often
aldosterone. - ANS; Gradual destruction of the adrenal cortex, resulting in decreased
production of cortisol and often aldosterone.
*Addison's disease also called primary adrenal insufficiency
a protein hormone of the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland that stimulates the adrenal
cortex - ANS; adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
a glucocorticoid which has anti-inflammatory and immunosupressive properties, and
whose levels in the blood may become elevated in response to physical or
psychological stress - ANS; Cortisol
*also called also hydrocortisone
Describe the Adrenal Medulla - ANS; The Adrenal Medulla is the inner portion of the
adrenal gland which is located at the top of each kidney.
Name the two types of hormones produced by the Adrenal Medulla - ANS; The Adrenal
Medulla produces epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are responsible for the flight
or flight response
under-activity of the anterior pituitary gland is called - ANS; Hypopituitarism
*also known as panhypopituitarism
, most common cause of Hypopituitarism is - ANS; benign pituitary tumor
*also known as adenoma
Describe the patho behind hypogonadism - ANS; adenoma or other head injury >>
Hypopituitarism >> Insufficient androgens (sex hormones) secreted from the anterior
pituitary >> hypogonadism (amenorrhea, impotence, decreased libido)
Describe the patho behind hyponatremia as it is related to syndrome of inappropriate
antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) - ANS; adenoma or other head injury >> Hypopituitarism
>> TOO MUCH (inappropriate) antidiuretic hormone (ADH) secreted by the posterior
pituitary >> Kidneys retain water >> system diluted >> low sodium in relation to water
Describe the patho behind Diabetes insipidus - ANS; Head injury, surgery, infection,
decreased blood supply or tumor >> Posterior pituitary gland damaged >> Posterior
pituitary gland makes too little antidiuretic hormone (ADH) >> failure of tubular
reabsorption of water in the kidneys >> diuresis
drug of choice for Diabetes insipidus - ANS; desmopressin (DDAVP)
a loss of brain function as a result of severe, longstanding hypothyroidism - ANS;
myxedema crisis/coma
Hypothyroidism: Lab findings - ANS; 1. TSH - increased but serum T3 and T4 -
decreased
2. CBC - anemia
3. cholesterol and triglycerides - elevated
4. liver enzymes - elevated
5. prolactin - increased
6. sodium - low
7. serum glucose - hypoglycemia
Hypothyroidism: observational findings - ANS; 1. weight gain
2. thin, brittle hair or fingernails
3. puffy face, hands, feet,
4. slow speech & hoarseness (late
5. fatigue
6. cold
7. constipation
8. heavy menstrual periods
9. Depression (hypothyroidism often confused for depression)
teach clients with hypothyroidism - ANS; i. how to conserve energy
ii. how to avoid or manage stress
iii. importance of lifelong therapy
