Stutts - ANSC 4395 Animal Breeding & Genetics - Test 2
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
Gregor Mendel Correct Answer: Father of Genetics
mid 19th century
performed breeding experiment with peas
Gene Correct Answer: Basic unit of inheritance
Segments of DNA
Short segments of chromosomes
Chromosomes Correct Answer: Long strands of DNA and associated proteins present in the
nucleus of every cell
Present in pairs
Homologs Correct Answer: Pair of chromosomes having corresponding loci
Locus Correct Answer: The specific location of a gene on a chromosome
Allele Correct Answer: an alternative form of a gene
Dominance of alleles Correct Answer: how one allele reacts to another allele
Multiple alleles Correct Answer: more than two possible alleles at a locus
A a a' a''
Genotype Correct Answer: The combination of genes at a particular locus
Homozygous Correct Answer: a one-locus genotype containing functionally identical genes
ex:BB, bb
Heterozygous Correct Answer: a one-locus genotype containing functionally different genes ex:
Gg, Bb
Law of Segregation Correct Answer: Mendel's 1st law
In the formation of a germ cell or gamete, the two genes at a locus in the parent cell are
separated, only one gene being incorporated into each germ cell.
-Meiosis
-Entire homologous chromosomes seperated
Germ Cells Correct Answer: contain half the number of chromosomes and half the number of
genes as normal body cells
Law of Independent Assortment Correct Answer: Mendel's 2nd law
, Genes assort independently during meiosis if all possible gametes are formed in equal
proportions
Linkage Correct Answer: The occurrence of two or more loci of interest on the same
chromosomes
Crossing over Correct Answer: a reciprocal exchange of chromosome segments between
homologs
prior to the time chromosomes are separated to form gametes
Recombination Correct Answer: the formation of a new combination of genes on a chromosome
as a result of crossing over
Gamete Selection Correct Answer: the process that determines which egg matures and which
sperm succeeds in fertilizing the egg
Punnett Square Correct Answer: commonly used device for determining the possible zygotes
obtainable from the mating of any two parental genotypes
GG Correct Answer: homozygous dominant
Gg Correct Answer: heterozygous (dominant)
gg Correct Answer: homozygous recessive
Mendelian Sampling Correct Answer: The random sampling of parental genes caused by
segregation and independent assortment of genes during germ cell formation and by random
selection of gametes in the formation of the embryo
Dominance Correct Answer: An interaction between genes at a single locus such that in
heterozygous one allele has more effect
Simple Inherited Traits Correct Answer: explains why we got various phenotypes in specific
proportions when we make specific matings
polygenic inheritance Correct Answer: chief source of hybrid vigor and inbreeding depression
Complete Dominance Correct Answer: A form of dominance in which the expression of the
heterozygote is identical to the expression of the homozygous dominant gene type
-Ex: polled train in cattle, color in Angus cattle
-P= polled, PP=polled, Pp=polled, pp=horned
Co-dominance Correct Answer: A form of dominance in which the expression of the
heterozygote is exactly midway between the expressions of the homozygous genotypes
-Ex: breed red(RR) shorthorn with white(rr) shorthorn: you get a roan (Rr) from having both
QUESTIONS WITH COMPLETE ANSWERS
Gregor Mendel Correct Answer: Father of Genetics
mid 19th century
performed breeding experiment with peas
Gene Correct Answer: Basic unit of inheritance
Segments of DNA
Short segments of chromosomes
Chromosomes Correct Answer: Long strands of DNA and associated proteins present in the
nucleus of every cell
Present in pairs
Homologs Correct Answer: Pair of chromosomes having corresponding loci
Locus Correct Answer: The specific location of a gene on a chromosome
Allele Correct Answer: an alternative form of a gene
Dominance of alleles Correct Answer: how one allele reacts to another allele
Multiple alleles Correct Answer: more than two possible alleles at a locus
A a a' a''
Genotype Correct Answer: The combination of genes at a particular locus
Homozygous Correct Answer: a one-locus genotype containing functionally identical genes
ex:BB, bb
Heterozygous Correct Answer: a one-locus genotype containing functionally different genes ex:
Gg, Bb
Law of Segregation Correct Answer: Mendel's 1st law
In the formation of a germ cell or gamete, the two genes at a locus in the parent cell are
separated, only one gene being incorporated into each germ cell.
-Meiosis
-Entire homologous chromosomes seperated
Germ Cells Correct Answer: contain half the number of chromosomes and half the number of
genes as normal body cells
Law of Independent Assortment Correct Answer: Mendel's 2nd law
, Genes assort independently during meiosis if all possible gametes are formed in equal
proportions
Linkage Correct Answer: The occurrence of two or more loci of interest on the same
chromosomes
Crossing over Correct Answer: a reciprocal exchange of chromosome segments between
homologs
prior to the time chromosomes are separated to form gametes
Recombination Correct Answer: the formation of a new combination of genes on a chromosome
as a result of crossing over
Gamete Selection Correct Answer: the process that determines which egg matures and which
sperm succeeds in fertilizing the egg
Punnett Square Correct Answer: commonly used device for determining the possible zygotes
obtainable from the mating of any two parental genotypes
GG Correct Answer: homozygous dominant
Gg Correct Answer: heterozygous (dominant)
gg Correct Answer: homozygous recessive
Mendelian Sampling Correct Answer: The random sampling of parental genes caused by
segregation and independent assortment of genes during germ cell formation and by random
selection of gametes in the formation of the embryo
Dominance Correct Answer: An interaction between genes at a single locus such that in
heterozygous one allele has more effect
Simple Inherited Traits Correct Answer: explains why we got various phenotypes in specific
proportions when we make specific matings
polygenic inheritance Correct Answer: chief source of hybrid vigor and inbreeding depression
Complete Dominance Correct Answer: A form of dominance in which the expression of the
heterozygote is identical to the expression of the homozygous dominant gene type
-Ex: polled train in cattle, color in Angus cattle
-P= polled, PP=polled, Pp=polled, pp=horned
Co-dominance Correct Answer: A form of dominance in which the expression of the
heterozygote is exactly midway between the expressions of the homozygous genotypes
-Ex: breed red(RR) shorthorn with white(rr) shorthorn: you get a roan (Rr) from having both
