TXMI 5220 Exam 1| QUESTIONS WITH
COMPLETE ANSWERS
Chapter 1 Historical Perspective of the Fashion Industry
Fashion Industry Development Correct Answer: 1789-1890: Mechanization of Production
1890-1950: Growth of the Ready-to-Wear Industry
1950-1980: Diversification and Incorporation
1980-1995: Imports and Quick Response
1995-2005: Supply Chain Management and Globalization
2005-Present: Fast Fashion, E-Commerce, and CSR
What is Fashion? Correct Answer: Fashion is a broad term and is a style of consumer product
that is perceived to be socially appropriate for time and situation
Fashion is evolutionary and not revolutionary in its development, understanding the history of
fashion enables researchers to predict the prevailing style
Fashion Industry Correct Answer: In fashion history, we usually relate the prevailing style in our
era to a prominent ruler and not to a specific designer or company
Not until the rise of the middle class during the industrial revolution do we see the influence of
technology and need for ready-to-wear (RTW) fashion
1789-1890: Mechanization of Production Correct Answer: The need for plenty of fabric that
could be produced quickly and the means to sew it quickly was achieved by the following
inventions:
- spinning machine (1764)
- power loom (1785-87)
- cotton gin (1794)
- sewing machine (1832, 1845, 1846)
The demand for mass-produced apparel was achieved by an expanding number of middle-class
consumers who wanted good-quality apparel at reasonable prices
1890-1950: Growth of the Ready-to-Wear Industry Correct Answer: Immigrant workers spurred
the growth of the mass production of apparel often working in poor conditions or "sweatshops"
Fashion magazines, such as Vogue (1892), provided consumers with up-to-date fashion
information and helped spur the desire for new fashions
First shopping mall opens in 1922
1950-1980: Diversification and Incorporation Correct Answer: Mass fashion, casual clothing,
and sportswear were expanding segments of the fashion industry
Textile industry grew as new synthetic fibers were introduced and influenced fashion
1980-1995: Imports and Quick Response Correct Answer: Rising labor costs in the US causes
companies to begin seeking cheaper labor particularly Southeast Asia
, Increase in vertical integration among manufacturing and retailers influenced the development of
Store brands
Quick Response (QR) introduced a pull system of demand based on consumer demand as
opposed to the push system when manufacturers pushed products to consumers
1995-2005 Supply Chain Management and Globalization Correct Answer: Within this context
of globalization and supply chain management, international companies expanded their
capabilities of vertical integration across countries
To manage trade, the World Trade Organization (1995) was established and various trade
agreements
2005-Present: Fast Fashion, E-Commerce, and CSR Correct Answer: Fast fashion
E-commerce
Corporate Social Responsibility
Fast Fashion Correct Answer: Fast-fashion companies continuously introduce new products in
small quantities with little or no replenishment and depended on these factors:
- vertical integration (controlling many stages of the supply chain)
- designers working alongside production and marketing
- making design and production decisions based on consumer demand
- offering consumers limited quantities of multiple styles
- the ability to produce merchandise in weeks instead of months
E-Commerce Correct Answer: Mid-1990, start of online presence
Omni-channel retailing that seamlessly integrates brick-and-mortar and online operations
Many companies have become internet retailers only (Amazon, Zappos)
Corporate Social Responsibility Correct Answer: With globalization comes the integration of
CSR throughout the textile and apparel supply chain, including socially responsible design,
production, marketing, and distribution
CSR refers to business practices that contribute positively to society
Summary Correct Answer: Fashion = evolutionary; based on changing technology and
consumer demand
Ready made apparel: 1920s
Easy-care fibers hit American Market after WWII
In the 1960s as labor costs in the US and consumer demand for low cost clothing increased,
companies move production out of US
Development of Quick Response system to shorten production time from fiber to finished
product
Supply chain management strategies to improve efficiency and effectiveness of industry
Consumers demand high-quality, fashionable, reasonably priced goods
T&A industry integral for globalization and economic growth
The Material-Brand-Retail Supply/Value Chain Correct Answer: Supply Chain Networks
Logistics
COMPLETE ANSWERS
Chapter 1 Historical Perspective of the Fashion Industry
Fashion Industry Development Correct Answer: 1789-1890: Mechanization of Production
1890-1950: Growth of the Ready-to-Wear Industry
1950-1980: Diversification and Incorporation
1980-1995: Imports and Quick Response
1995-2005: Supply Chain Management and Globalization
2005-Present: Fast Fashion, E-Commerce, and CSR
What is Fashion? Correct Answer: Fashion is a broad term and is a style of consumer product
that is perceived to be socially appropriate for time and situation
Fashion is evolutionary and not revolutionary in its development, understanding the history of
fashion enables researchers to predict the prevailing style
Fashion Industry Correct Answer: In fashion history, we usually relate the prevailing style in our
era to a prominent ruler and not to a specific designer or company
Not until the rise of the middle class during the industrial revolution do we see the influence of
technology and need for ready-to-wear (RTW) fashion
1789-1890: Mechanization of Production Correct Answer: The need for plenty of fabric that
could be produced quickly and the means to sew it quickly was achieved by the following
inventions:
- spinning machine (1764)
- power loom (1785-87)
- cotton gin (1794)
- sewing machine (1832, 1845, 1846)
The demand for mass-produced apparel was achieved by an expanding number of middle-class
consumers who wanted good-quality apparel at reasonable prices
1890-1950: Growth of the Ready-to-Wear Industry Correct Answer: Immigrant workers spurred
the growth of the mass production of apparel often working in poor conditions or "sweatshops"
Fashion magazines, such as Vogue (1892), provided consumers with up-to-date fashion
information and helped spur the desire for new fashions
First shopping mall opens in 1922
1950-1980: Diversification and Incorporation Correct Answer: Mass fashion, casual clothing,
and sportswear were expanding segments of the fashion industry
Textile industry grew as new synthetic fibers were introduced and influenced fashion
1980-1995: Imports and Quick Response Correct Answer: Rising labor costs in the US causes
companies to begin seeking cheaper labor particularly Southeast Asia
, Increase in vertical integration among manufacturing and retailers influenced the development of
Store brands
Quick Response (QR) introduced a pull system of demand based on consumer demand as
opposed to the push system when manufacturers pushed products to consumers
1995-2005 Supply Chain Management and Globalization Correct Answer: Within this context
of globalization and supply chain management, international companies expanded their
capabilities of vertical integration across countries
To manage trade, the World Trade Organization (1995) was established and various trade
agreements
2005-Present: Fast Fashion, E-Commerce, and CSR Correct Answer: Fast fashion
E-commerce
Corporate Social Responsibility
Fast Fashion Correct Answer: Fast-fashion companies continuously introduce new products in
small quantities with little or no replenishment and depended on these factors:
- vertical integration (controlling many stages of the supply chain)
- designers working alongside production and marketing
- making design and production decisions based on consumer demand
- offering consumers limited quantities of multiple styles
- the ability to produce merchandise in weeks instead of months
E-Commerce Correct Answer: Mid-1990, start of online presence
Omni-channel retailing that seamlessly integrates brick-and-mortar and online operations
Many companies have become internet retailers only (Amazon, Zappos)
Corporate Social Responsibility Correct Answer: With globalization comes the integration of
CSR throughout the textile and apparel supply chain, including socially responsible design,
production, marketing, and distribution
CSR refers to business practices that contribute positively to society
Summary Correct Answer: Fashion = evolutionary; based on changing technology and
consumer demand
Ready made apparel: 1920s
Easy-care fibers hit American Market after WWII
In the 1960s as labor costs in the US and consumer demand for low cost clothing increased,
companies move production out of US
Development of Quick Response system to shorten production time from fiber to finished
product
Supply chain management strategies to improve efficiency and effectiveness of industry
Consumers demand high-quality, fashionable, reasonably priced goods
T&A industry integral for globalization and economic growth
The Material-Brand-Retail Supply/Value Chain Correct Answer: Supply Chain Networks
Logistics
