AMLS Study Guide QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS 100% CORRECT
Signs and Symptoms of Acute Myocardial Infarction Correct Answer: Obstruction of coronary
artery by clot or thrombus. Signs and Symptoms or the same as Acute Coronary Syndrome. \
nSudden onset of chest pain, often described as pressure and heaviness. Radiates to arm and or
jaw. Also likely to have shortness of air, diaphoresis, pale, mottled, cool skin, weakness,
lightheaded, nausea, vomitting, and or impending feeling of doom. page 197
Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction Correct Answer: The accronym MONA is often used
to remind us of treatment. \nMorphine, Oxygen, Nitro, ASA. Not particular in order. Oxygen and
ASA are the only two prehospital treatments to show improve survival rates. page 200
Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis Correct Answer: Hypersensitivity response with
hypotensive, dyspnea, wheezing, rales, rhonchi, anxiety, urticaria, and pruritus which can begin
within mins or 1 hour after exposure. Can cause distributive shock with peripheral vasodilation
and relative hypovolemia. page 161
Treatment of Anaphylaxis Correct Answer: Remove allergen and reverse effects. ABCs,
epinephrine, corticosteroids, and benadryl. Epi binds with Alpha and Beta receptors increasing
BP, heart rate, and bronchodilation. Benadryl blocks H1 providing relief of symptoms. page 163
Signs, Symptoms and Treatment of Angina Pectoris Correct Answer: Chest pain 2nd to
inadequate blood supply from a narrowed coronary artery blockage. Stable angina comes and
goes with exercies or stress, and only last 3 to 5 mins, possibly up to 15 mins. Relieved by rest or
nitro. Unstable last longer than usual, and may be caused by coronary spasms. May lead to
AMI. \nTreatment is same as AMI, CAS, in prehospital with MONA. page 195-196
Signs and Symptoms of Appendicitis Correct Answer: Pain localizied to right lower quadrant or
right lower back. Pain classically begins in the periumbilical region than becomes more localized
to RLQ and worse. Positive psoas sign or streatching increases pain. Other signs are fever,
nausea, and vomiting. \nTreatment prehospital includes pain control and antimetics. page 269
Signs, Symptoms and Treatment of Asthma Correct Answer: Dyspnea, wheezing or absent lung
sounds, chest tightness, cough, signs URI such as rhinorhea, congestion, headache, pharyngitis,
and myalgia. \nTreatment include inhaled Beta agonist such as Albuterol or Xopenex, subQ epi,
and corticosteroids. Mag Sulfate has been shown to control severe exacerbations of asthma given
very slowly causing relax smooth bronchial muscles. page 121-122
Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment of Bowel Obstruction Correct Answer: Crampy abdominal
pain, constipation or diarrhea, inability to pass flatus, distended abdomen, absent or high-pitched
bowed sounds. No specific treatment for bowel obstruction prehospital. page 274
Signs and Symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Correct Answer: Depends on
concentration and duration of exposure. Typical signs and symptoms are fatigue, headache,
myalgia, nausea, voming, shortness of air, syncopal, ataxia, seizures, alter level of consciousness,
coma, death. Cherry red skin is a late sign, pallor is more common. page 376
, Treatment of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Correct Answer: Most important is immediate
removal of patient from environment. High-flow oxygen along with standard treatment. The
higer FIO2 decreases the half life of carbon monoxide. Pt may be hypotensive, give fluid bolus
via IV. \nThey will require hyperbaric oxygen chamber depending on severity. page 376-378
Signs and Symptoms of Cardiac Tamponade Correct Answer: When fluid accumulates inside
the layered pericardial sac arround the heart. This causes compression forces around the heart
and resistricts heart cause obstructive shock. Can be caused by trauma or midcal condition. \
nSigns and Symptoms are remember with Beck Triad:\nLow BP 2nd to low cardiac output,
distended JVD, and muffled heart tones. Often have chest pain and dyspnea, possibly with a
cough. Along with signs of shock. page 193
Treatment of Cardiac Tamponade Correct Answer: Prehospital includes basic management,
follow chest pain protocol, but hold anything that would lower BP. Fluid bolus can buy time. \
nThey willl need a pericardiocentesis to remove fluid. page 194
Signs and Symptoms of Chicken Pox(varicella) Correct Answer: Fever, malaise, anorexiaanf
headache. The patient will develop a rash or itchy blisters. Treatment is standard. Pt may have
antiviral, corticosteroids, and antihistamines PRN. page 306
Signs and Symptoms of COPD Correct Answer: Chronic bronchitis or loss of alveolar surface
area associated with emphysema. \nSigns and Symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing to absent
lung sounds, cough possibly productive, intolerace of exertion, and chest discomfort. Cigarette
smocking is primary cause of COPD. Same treatment as Asthma. Consider CPAP as needed.
page 122-123
Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment of Clostridium Difficile Correct Answer: Otherwise know as
C-Diff is a direct result of antibiotic therapy, which suppresses the normal flora in the GI tract
allowing C diff to predominate. \nTreatment is to stop unnecessary antibiotic treatment. May
need Flagyl or Vancocin for 10 days. page 324-325
Signs and Symptoms of Cocaine Overdose Correct Answer: Tachycardia, dysrhythmias, hyper
or hypotensive, tachy or hyperpnea, MI, pallor or cyanosis, hyperexcitability and anxiety,
headache, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, N/V/D, dilated but reactive pupils, confusion, delirium,
halluncinations, seizures, coma, death. page 353
Treatment of Cocaine Overdose Correct Answer: Swab nose to remove residual if cocaine was
snorted. Standard treatment. Be ready for erratic or violent behavior. Higher risk for cardiac
ishemia and hypothermia. page 370
Signs and Symptoms of Cyanide Poisoning Correct Answer: Anxiety, bradycardia followed by
tachycardia, hypertension followed by hypotension, dysrhythmias, bitter almond odor to breath,
cherry red mucus membranes, nausea, dyspnea, headache, dizziness, dilated pupils, confusion,
seizure, coma, death. Page 353
Signs and Symptoms of Acute Myocardial Infarction Correct Answer: Obstruction of coronary
artery by clot or thrombus. Signs and Symptoms or the same as Acute Coronary Syndrome. \
nSudden onset of chest pain, often described as pressure and heaviness. Radiates to arm and or
jaw. Also likely to have shortness of air, diaphoresis, pale, mottled, cool skin, weakness,
lightheaded, nausea, vomitting, and or impending feeling of doom. page 197
Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction Correct Answer: The accronym MONA is often used
to remind us of treatment. \nMorphine, Oxygen, Nitro, ASA. Not particular in order. Oxygen and
ASA are the only two prehospital treatments to show improve survival rates. page 200
Signs and Symptoms of Anaphylaxis Correct Answer: Hypersensitivity response with
hypotensive, dyspnea, wheezing, rales, rhonchi, anxiety, urticaria, and pruritus which can begin
within mins or 1 hour after exposure. Can cause distributive shock with peripheral vasodilation
and relative hypovolemia. page 161
Treatment of Anaphylaxis Correct Answer: Remove allergen and reverse effects. ABCs,
epinephrine, corticosteroids, and benadryl. Epi binds with Alpha and Beta receptors increasing
BP, heart rate, and bronchodilation. Benadryl blocks H1 providing relief of symptoms. page 163
Signs, Symptoms and Treatment of Angina Pectoris Correct Answer: Chest pain 2nd to
inadequate blood supply from a narrowed coronary artery blockage. Stable angina comes and
goes with exercies or stress, and only last 3 to 5 mins, possibly up to 15 mins. Relieved by rest or
nitro. Unstable last longer than usual, and may be caused by coronary spasms. May lead to
AMI. \nTreatment is same as AMI, CAS, in prehospital with MONA. page 195-196
Signs and Symptoms of Appendicitis Correct Answer: Pain localizied to right lower quadrant or
right lower back. Pain classically begins in the periumbilical region than becomes more localized
to RLQ and worse. Positive psoas sign or streatching increases pain. Other signs are fever,
nausea, and vomiting. \nTreatment prehospital includes pain control and antimetics. page 269
Signs, Symptoms and Treatment of Asthma Correct Answer: Dyspnea, wheezing or absent lung
sounds, chest tightness, cough, signs URI such as rhinorhea, congestion, headache, pharyngitis,
and myalgia. \nTreatment include inhaled Beta agonist such as Albuterol or Xopenex, subQ epi,
and corticosteroids. Mag Sulfate has been shown to control severe exacerbations of asthma given
very slowly causing relax smooth bronchial muscles. page 121-122
Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment of Bowel Obstruction Correct Answer: Crampy abdominal
pain, constipation or diarrhea, inability to pass flatus, distended abdomen, absent or high-pitched
bowed sounds. No specific treatment for bowel obstruction prehospital. page 274
Signs and Symptoms of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Correct Answer: Depends on
concentration and duration of exposure. Typical signs and symptoms are fatigue, headache,
myalgia, nausea, voming, shortness of air, syncopal, ataxia, seizures, alter level of consciousness,
coma, death. Cherry red skin is a late sign, pallor is more common. page 376
, Treatment of Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Correct Answer: Most important is immediate
removal of patient from environment. High-flow oxygen along with standard treatment. The
higer FIO2 decreases the half life of carbon monoxide. Pt may be hypotensive, give fluid bolus
via IV. \nThey will require hyperbaric oxygen chamber depending on severity. page 376-378
Signs and Symptoms of Cardiac Tamponade Correct Answer: When fluid accumulates inside
the layered pericardial sac arround the heart. This causes compression forces around the heart
and resistricts heart cause obstructive shock. Can be caused by trauma or midcal condition. \
nSigns and Symptoms are remember with Beck Triad:\nLow BP 2nd to low cardiac output,
distended JVD, and muffled heart tones. Often have chest pain and dyspnea, possibly with a
cough. Along with signs of shock. page 193
Treatment of Cardiac Tamponade Correct Answer: Prehospital includes basic management,
follow chest pain protocol, but hold anything that would lower BP. Fluid bolus can buy time. \
nThey willl need a pericardiocentesis to remove fluid. page 194
Signs and Symptoms of Chicken Pox(varicella) Correct Answer: Fever, malaise, anorexiaanf
headache. The patient will develop a rash or itchy blisters. Treatment is standard. Pt may have
antiviral, corticosteroids, and antihistamines PRN. page 306
Signs and Symptoms of COPD Correct Answer: Chronic bronchitis or loss of alveolar surface
area associated with emphysema. \nSigns and Symptoms include dyspnea, wheezing to absent
lung sounds, cough possibly productive, intolerace of exertion, and chest discomfort. Cigarette
smocking is primary cause of COPD. Same treatment as Asthma. Consider CPAP as needed.
page 122-123
Signs, Symptoms, and Treatment of Clostridium Difficile Correct Answer: Otherwise know as
C-Diff is a direct result of antibiotic therapy, which suppresses the normal flora in the GI tract
allowing C diff to predominate. \nTreatment is to stop unnecessary antibiotic treatment. May
need Flagyl or Vancocin for 10 days. page 324-325
Signs and Symptoms of Cocaine Overdose Correct Answer: Tachycardia, dysrhythmias, hyper
or hypotensive, tachy or hyperpnea, MI, pallor or cyanosis, hyperexcitability and anxiety,
headache, hyperthermia, diaphoresis, N/V/D, dilated but reactive pupils, confusion, delirium,
halluncinations, seizures, coma, death. page 353
Treatment of Cocaine Overdose Correct Answer: Swab nose to remove residual if cocaine was
snorted. Standard treatment. Be ready for erratic or violent behavior. Higher risk for cardiac
ishemia and hypothermia. page 370
Signs and Symptoms of Cyanide Poisoning Correct Answer: Anxiety, bradycardia followed by
tachycardia, hypertension followed by hypotension, dysrhythmias, bitter almond odor to breath,
cherry red mucus membranes, nausea, dyspnea, headache, dizziness, dilated pupils, confusion,
seizure, coma, death. Page 353
