AMLS 2022 pretest QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
GRADED DISTICTION
A 28-year-old female is being evaluated for an acute onset of an alteration in mentation. She
complained of a stiff neck and persistent headache. Vital signs are P 112, R 22 and regular, BP
144/88, SpO2 95%, and T 102.3*F (39*C). The healthcare provider should observe for which
complication? Correct Answer: Seizure
A 45-year-old patient is found supine on the floor of the triage area. Healthcare providers note
pinpoint pupils, shallow respirations, and vomitus in and around the mouth. What course of
action should be implemented next? Correct Answer: Supplemental oxygen and suction
Patients with a history of chronic bronchitis that present with shortness of breath are likely to
have which condition? Correct Answer: Pulmonary embolism
Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by what pathological change?
Correct Answer: Breakdown of the alveolar-capillary membrane
An anxious male complains of a sore throat, fever, chills, dental pain, and dyspnea. The patient
has a firm, red pronounced swelling in the sublingual anterior throat area and tongue. What
diagnosis is most likely? Correct Answer: Ludwig's angina
Patients on mechanical ventilation may have hypoxemia due to alveolar collapse from mucous
plugging. The best treatment for this is to: Correct Answer: Administer PEEP
Anaphylaxis is most associated with which physiological event? Correct Answer: Vasodilation
An elderly patient in an assisted-living facility presents with a diminished level of consciousness
and elevated white blood count. Assessment reveals pale, clammy skin and a urinary catheter
with dark-colored urine. Vital signs are P 132, R 38 and shallow, BP 78/46, SpO2 91% and T
100.8*F (32.8*C). What classification of shock is the patient most likely experiencing? Correct
Answer: Distributive
Healthcare providers are assessing a patient with pronounced jugular vein distention and muffled
heart tones. Vitals are P 128, R 26, BP 74/52. What classification of shock should be suspected?
Correct Answer: Obstruction
During compensatory shock, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated to cause a/an:
Correct Answer: Increase in preload, afterload, and re-absorption of sodium
A 42-year-old patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis is taking glucocorticoids. Over the
past 2 weeks, she complains of chronic fatigue, weakness, and loss of appetite with weight loss.
Lab results indicate hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. What underlying diagnosis is suspected?
Correct Answer: Adrenal insufficiency
, Which condition should the healthcare provider consider usually to be a nonemergent, non-life
threatening illness? Correct Answer: Thoracic outlet syndrome
Healthcare providers should use extreme caution with nitroglycerin when ST elevation is present
in which ECG leads? Correct Answer: II, III, aVF
Which is a high-risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage? Correct Answer: Cocaine abuse
What is the initial treatment for a patient experiencing Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic
Coma (HHNC)? Correct Answer: Crystalloid IV fluid resuscitation
What condition is most likely to cause respiratory acidosis? Correct Answer: Narcotic overdose
What is the most effective treatment for an unconscious patient in respiratory acidosis? Correct
Answer: Assisted bag-mask ventilation
An autoimmune disease that produces antibodies that mimic the role of TSH and cause an
increase in thyroid hormones is: Correct Answer: Graves' disease
Glucagon may not be effective treatment for a patient with hypoglycemia if they also have which
underlying illness? Correct Answer: Alcoholism
A 24-year-old has completed a triathlon on a hot, humid day. The athlete complains of severe
headache, muscle cramps, and abdominal pain. As the patient history is obtained, the athlete
becomes lethargic. What underlying electrolyte disturbance should the healthcare provider most
likely suspect? Correct Answer: Hyponatremia
What is the sign on the ECG that will indicate a patient is experiencing hyperkalemia? Correct
Answer: Peaked T waves
An 82-year-old alcoholic complains of nausea, nonbloody vomiting, and severe epigastric and
right upper quadrant pain that radiates to the back. Palpation reveals epigastric tenderness
without peritoneal signs. What working diagnosis should be considered most likely? Correct
Answer: Acute pancreatitis
A 23-year-old male complains of a productive cough, fever, chills, and pleuritic chest pain that
has worsened over 3 days. A physical exam reveals unilateral wheezing with shallow
respirations. Vitals are P 128, R 26, BP 144/88, SpO2 90%, and T 102*F (38.8*C). What
treatment should be performed? Correct Answer: Supplemental oxygen and immediate transport
A patient with suspected gallbladder disease is asked to take a deep breath while the provider
presses upward into the upper right quadrant. If the patient ceases inspiration due to increased
pain while being examined, this is known as: Correct Answer: Murphy's sign
GRADED DISTICTION
A 28-year-old female is being evaluated for an acute onset of an alteration in mentation. She
complained of a stiff neck and persistent headache. Vital signs are P 112, R 22 and regular, BP
144/88, SpO2 95%, and T 102.3*F (39*C). The healthcare provider should observe for which
complication? Correct Answer: Seizure
A 45-year-old patient is found supine on the floor of the triage area. Healthcare providers note
pinpoint pupils, shallow respirations, and vomitus in and around the mouth. What course of
action should be implemented next? Correct Answer: Supplemental oxygen and suction
Patients with a history of chronic bronchitis that present with shortness of breath are likely to
have which condition? Correct Answer: Pulmonary embolism
Acute Respiratory Distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by what pathological change?
Correct Answer: Breakdown of the alveolar-capillary membrane
An anxious male complains of a sore throat, fever, chills, dental pain, and dyspnea. The patient
has a firm, red pronounced swelling in the sublingual anterior throat area and tongue. What
diagnosis is most likely? Correct Answer: Ludwig's angina
Patients on mechanical ventilation may have hypoxemia due to alveolar collapse from mucous
plugging. The best treatment for this is to: Correct Answer: Administer PEEP
Anaphylaxis is most associated with which physiological event? Correct Answer: Vasodilation
An elderly patient in an assisted-living facility presents with a diminished level of consciousness
and elevated white blood count. Assessment reveals pale, clammy skin and a urinary catheter
with dark-colored urine. Vital signs are P 132, R 38 and shallow, BP 78/46, SpO2 91% and T
100.8*F (32.8*C). What classification of shock is the patient most likely experiencing? Correct
Answer: Distributive
Healthcare providers are assessing a patient with pronounced jugular vein distention and muffled
heart tones. Vitals are P 128, R 26, BP 74/52. What classification of shock should be suspected?
Correct Answer: Obstruction
During compensatory shock, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is activated to cause a/an:
Correct Answer: Increase in preload, afterload, and re-absorption of sodium
A 42-year-old patient with a history of rheumatoid arthritis is taking glucocorticoids. Over the
past 2 weeks, she complains of chronic fatigue, weakness, and loss of appetite with weight loss.
Lab results indicate hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. What underlying diagnosis is suspected?
Correct Answer: Adrenal insufficiency
, Which condition should the healthcare provider consider usually to be a nonemergent, non-life
threatening illness? Correct Answer: Thoracic outlet syndrome
Healthcare providers should use extreme caution with nitroglycerin when ST elevation is present
in which ECG leads? Correct Answer: II, III, aVF
Which is a high-risk factor for intracerebral hemorrhage? Correct Answer: Cocaine abuse
What is the initial treatment for a patient experiencing Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Nonketotic
Coma (HHNC)? Correct Answer: Crystalloid IV fluid resuscitation
What condition is most likely to cause respiratory acidosis? Correct Answer: Narcotic overdose
What is the most effective treatment for an unconscious patient in respiratory acidosis? Correct
Answer: Assisted bag-mask ventilation
An autoimmune disease that produces antibodies that mimic the role of TSH and cause an
increase in thyroid hormones is: Correct Answer: Graves' disease
Glucagon may not be effective treatment for a patient with hypoglycemia if they also have which
underlying illness? Correct Answer: Alcoholism
A 24-year-old has completed a triathlon on a hot, humid day. The athlete complains of severe
headache, muscle cramps, and abdominal pain. As the patient history is obtained, the athlete
becomes lethargic. What underlying electrolyte disturbance should the healthcare provider most
likely suspect? Correct Answer: Hyponatremia
What is the sign on the ECG that will indicate a patient is experiencing hyperkalemia? Correct
Answer: Peaked T waves
An 82-year-old alcoholic complains of nausea, nonbloody vomiting, and severe epigastric and
right upper quadrant pain that radiates to the back. Palpation reveals epigastric tenderness
without peritoneal signs. What working diagnosis should be considered most likely? Correct
Answer: Acute pancreatitis
A 23-year-old male complains of a productive cough, fever, chills, and pleuritic chest pain that
has worsened over 3 days. A physical exam reveals unilateral wheezing with shallow
respirations. Vitals are P 128, R 26, BP 144/88, SpO2 90%, and T 102*F (38.8*C). What
treatment should be performed? Correct Answer: Supplemental oxygen and immediate transport
A patient with suspected gallbladder disease is asked to take a deep breath while the provider
presses upward into the upper right quadrant. If the patient ceases inspiration due to increased
pain while being examined, this is known as: Correct Answer: Murphy's sign
