PATHOLOGY EXAM 1 GUIDE
1. How does rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune condition, manifest?
A- Chronic inflammation in affected joints
2. Inflammation is a protective mechanism that protects the body when injured. What are
the symptoms? (Select all that apply)
A- Pain, loss of function, heat, redness, swelling
3. What chemical does the body release during a stress
response? A- Epinephrine OR Catecholamine and cortisol
4. What electrolyte imbalance would you see in a client with muscle tetany, positive Trousseau's
and Chvostek's signs?
A- Calcium
5. Osteosarcoma is one of the cancers of the bone. Which of the following
describes osteosarcoma?
A- Extremely malignant (remember “sarcoma/carcinoma”=malignant and
“papilloma/adenoma”=benign”)
6. The bones serve as a reservoir for which electrolyte?
A- Calcium
7. What are the 5 P's of compartment syndrome?
A- Paresthesia, pallor, pain, paralysis, pulselessness
8. What are matured monocytes that migrate from the blood into tissues and engulf
foreign substances called?
A- Macrophages
9. Which of the following effects does histamine, an inflammatory mediator, have on the body?
A- It causes the blood vessels to dilate
10. What happens to a client with muscular dystrophy?
A- Progressive loss of muscle tissues
11. Which of the following best describes the movement of water between the interstitial
and intracellular compartments?
A- Osmosis
12. What causes osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease?
A- The progressive loss of joint function due to "wear and tear”
, 13. What is the best way to prevent the transmission of infectious agents?
A- Wash hands
14. What typically causes contact dermatitis?
A- Contact with a skin allergen
15. Fluid volume deficits may result from which of the following?
A- Vomiting and diarrhea
16. Extracellular fluid contains higher concentrations of which of the following?
A- Sodium and chloride
17. A client presents with a single fracture straight across the bone without a break in alignment,
as shown in the image. What is this fracture called?
A- Simple transverse fracture
18. The nurse observes redness and feels warmth in an area of cellulitis. What is the direct cause
of these clinical manifestations?
A- Increased blood flow to the area
19. Which of the following topics are components of pathophysiology? (Select all that apply)
A- Clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, treatment implications, etiology
20. What is associated with psoriatic arthritis?
A- Psoriasis
21. Which of the following causes gout?
A- Excessive uric acid metabolism
22. What is the function of mitochondria within the cells?
A- Produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for energy
23. What is one of the properties of cancer cells?
A- The ability to invade local tissue and overrun neighboring cells
24. A client presents to the emergency department after sustaining burn injuries to her hands
and forearms. She has blisters. What type of burn is this?
A- Second-degree burn
25. Intracellular fluid contains higher concentrations of which of the following?
A- Potassium
26. What immunoglobulin mediates the Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
1. How does rheumatoid arthritis, an autoimmune condition, manifest?
A- Chronic inflammation in affected joints
2. Inflammation is a protective mechanism that protects the body when injured. What are
the symptoms? (Select all that apply)
A- Pain, loss of function, heat, redness, swelling
3. What chemical does the body release during a stress
response? A- Epinephrine OR Catecholamine and cortisol
4. What electrolyte imbalance would you see in a client with muscle tetany, positive Trousseau's
and Chvostek's signs?
A- Calcium
5. Osteosarcoma is one of the cancers of the bone. Which of the following
describes osteosarcoma?
A- Extremely malignant (remember “sarcoma/carcinoma”=malignant and
“papilloma/adenoma”=benign”)
6. The bones serve as a reservoir for which electrolyte?
A- Calcium
7. What are the 5 P's of compartment syndrome?
A- Paresthesia, pallor, pain, paralysis, pulselessness
8. What are matured monocytes that migrate from the blood into tissues and engulf
foreign substances called?
A- Macrophages
9. Which of the following effects does histamine, an inflammatory mediator, have on the body?
A- It causes the blood vessels to dilate
10. What happens to a client with muscular dystrophy?
A- Progressive loss of muscle tissues
11. Which of the following best describes the movement of water between the interstitial
and intracellular compartments?
A- Osmosis
12. What causes osteoarthritis or degenerative joint disease?
A- The progressive loss of joint function due to "wear and tear”
, 13. What is the best way to prevent the transmission of infectious agents?
A- Wash hands
14. What typically causes contact dermatitis?
A- Contact with a skin allergen
15. Fluid volume deficits may result from which of the following?
A- Vomiting and diarrhea
16. Extracellular fluid contains higher concentrations of which of the following?
A- Sodium and chloride
17. A client presents with a single fracture straight across the bone without a break in alignment,
as shown in the image. What is this fracture called?
A- Simple transverse fracture
18. The nurse observes redness and feels warmth in an area of cellulitis. What is the direct cause
of these clinical manifestations?
A- Increased blood flow to the area
19. Which of the following topics are components of pathophysiology? (Select all that apply)
A- Clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, treatment implications, etiology
20. What is associated with psoriatic arthritis?
A- Psoriasis
21. Which of the following causes gout?
A- Excessive uric acid metabolism
22. What is the function of mitochondria within the cells?
A- Produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP) for energy
23. What is one of the properties of cancer cells?
A- The ability to invade local tissue and overrun neighboring cells
24. A client presents to the emergency department after sustaining burn injuries to her hands
and forearms. She has blisters. What type of burn is this?
A- Second-degree burn
25. Intracellular fluid contains higher concentrations of which of the following?
A- Potassium
26. What immunoglobulin mediates the Type I hypersensitivity reactions?
