(e bio 099
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"
9 .
.
.
(e s : ie fundament a units f life
s ( S Evolution is the explanation of why cells are so
-
All cells share a fundamental chemistry and other similar in there fundamentals.
common features.
Life (abstract general terms) is related to growth, Genome = entire sequence of nucleotide in an
reproduction, and an ability to actively alter their orgamism's DNA
behavior in response to the environment. A cell's genome provides a genetic program that
Living cells all have similar basic chemistry. instructs a cell how to behave.
Cells may very from the outside (size, shape and Different cells express different genes.
chemical requirements), but they are fundamentally CELLS UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
similar inside: same sort molecules, same types of Resolution of detection and visualisation of cells:
chemical reactions. - Light Microscopy; can't see components smaller
In all organisms, general information (in form of
genes) is carried in DNA molecules. than 0.2 micrometers, fixed.
- Fluorescence microscopy; 20 nanometers and uses
illumination and electronic image processing.
In every cell, long polymer - Electron microscopy; few nanometers, fixed. Two
chains of DNA are made kinds: transmission electron microscope (through the
from the same set of four sample) and scanning electron microscope (surface
monomers, nucleotides, in of cells and structures).
different sequences.
The information encoded in Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
DNA is transcribed into - nucleus - no nucleus
polynucleotides called RNA. - big - spherical, rodlike or
Most RNA are translated corkscrew shape
- single cell of multicellular
into proteins, but they do -tough protective coat
have their own regulatory - small
structural or chemical Mitochondria and chloroplasts are bacteria's inside
activities. an eukaryotic cell.
Prokaryotes
Two domains: bacteria and archaea (from primitive
nog
Central dogma of life (flow of information): cell).
The DNA sequence reveals that they are both as
DNA RNA proteins related to each other as eukaryotes.
Eukaryotes
Single felled: amoebae and yeast
Multicellular: plants, animals and fungi
Proteins are built from the same set of 20 amino
acids in all organisms.
Virussen don't have the ability to reproduce on
there own, they need a host cell to reproduce
(aren't living).
Daughter cells aren't direct copy's of the mother
cell because of mutations (changes in sequence).
Mutations can change offspring for the worse,
better, or neutral way. Basis of evolution
|
"
9 .
.
.
(e s : ie fundament a units f life
s ( S Evolution is the explanation of why cells are so
-
All cells share a fundamental chemistry and other similar in there fundamentals.
common features.
Life (abstract general terms) is related to growth, Genome = entire sequence of nucleotide in an
reproduction, and an ability to actively alter their orgamism's DNA
behavior in response to the environment. A cell's genome provides a genetic program that
Living cells all have similar basic chemistry. instructs a cell how to behave.
Cells may very from the outside (size, shape and Different cells express different genes.
chemical requirements), but they are fundamentally CELLS UNDER THE MICROSCOPE
similar inside: same sort molecules, same types of Resolution of detection and visualisation of cells:
chemical reactions. - Light Microscopy; can't see components smaller
In all organisms, general information (in form of
genes) is carried in DNA molecules. than 0.2 micrometers, fixed.
- Fluorescence microscopy; 20 nanometers and uses
illumination and electronic image processing.
In every cell, long polymer - Electron microscopy; few nanometers, fixed. Two
chains of DNA are made kinds: transmission electron microscope (through the
from the same set of four sample) and scanning electron microscope (surface
monomers, nucleotides, in of cells and structures).
different sequences.
The information encoded in Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
DNA is transcribed into - nucleus - no nucleus
polynucleotides called RNA. - big - spherical, rodlike or
Most RNA are translated corkscrew shape
- single cell of multicellular
into proteins, but they do -tough protective coat
have their own regulatory - small
structural or chemical Mitochondria and chloroplasts are bacteria's inside
activities. an eukaryotic cell.
Prokaryotes
Two domains: bacteria and archaea (from primitive
nog
Central dogma of life (flow of information): cell).
The DNA sequence reveals that they are both as
DNA RNA proteins related to each other as eukaryotes.
Eukaryotes
Single felled: amoebae and yeast
Multicellular: plants, animals and fungi
Proteins are built from the same set of 20 amino
acids in all organisms.
Virussen don't have the ability to reproduce on
there own, they need a host cell to reproduce
(aren't living).
Daughter cells aren't direct copy's of the mother
cell because of mutations (changes in sequence).
Mutations can change offspring for the worse,
better, or neutral way. Basis of evolution
