Pediatric Advanced Life Support| 70 QUESTIONS| WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Signs of poor perfusion Correct Answer: Temperature, AMS, Pulses, Skin (pale, mottling, and
cyanosis)
Adult pads on the AED Correct Answer: Use adult pads on victims 8 years of age and older
Initial impression assessment Correct Answer: Appearance: LOC, interactiveness, consolability,
look/gaze/stare/ and speech/cry
circulation: Skin color, petechiae or purport or visible bleeding wounds
work of breathing: including position, and any audible breath sounds, respiratory effort
Evaluate Correct Answer: If no life-threatening condition is present, evaluate the child's
condition by using the clinical assessment tool
Primary Assessment: ABCDE including vital signs
Primary Assessment Correct Answer: Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure
Evaluate Airway Correct Answer: To assess the airway, determine if is is patent: Look for
movement of the chest of abdomen, listen for air movement and breath sounds, feel for
movement of air at the nose and mouth
S/S Upper Airway obstruction Correct Answer: Increased inspiratory effort with retractions
Abnormal inspiratory sounds (snoring or high-pitches stridor)
Episodes where no airway or breath sounds are present despite respiratory effort (Complete
upper airway obstruction*
*If upper airway is obstructed, determine if you can open and maintain the airway with simple
measures or if you need advanced interventions
Simple measures to maintain the airway Correct Answer: Positioning: For responsive child
allow a position of comfort or elevate the head of the bed. For unresponsive child turn on side or
use a head told chin lift
Suctioning
Relief techniques for foreign-body airway obstruction
Airway Adjuncts: Oropharyngeal airway to keep the tongue from falling back and obstructing
the airway
, Relief techniques for foreign body airway obstruction: Abdominal thrusts and back slaps
Advanced Airway Interventions Correct Answer: Endotracheal intubation
Laryngoscopy
Cricothyrotomy
Assessment of breathing Correct Answer: Respiratory rate and pattern
Respiratory effort
Chest expansion and air movement
Lung and airway sounds
Oxygen saturation and pulse ox
Normal respiratory rate Correct Answer: Infant: 30-53
Toddler: 22-37
Preschool:20-28
School-aged child: 18-25
Adolescent: 12-20
Causes of bradypnea Correct Answer: Respiratory muscle fatigue
Central nervous system injury
Severe hypoxia
Severe shock
Hypothermia
Drugs that depress the respiratory drive
Some muscle diseases that cause muscle weakness
Increased respiratory effort Correct Answer: Nasal flaring
Retractions
Head bobbing or seesaw respirations
Locations of retractions Correct Answer: Mild to moderate: subcostal, substernal, intercostal
Severe: supraclavicular, suprasternal, sternal
Stridor Correct Answer: a coarse, usually higher-pitched breathing sound typically heard on
inspiration
Sign of upper airway obstruction
Grunting Correct Answer: typically a short, low-pitched sound heard during expiration.
Attempt to optimize oxygenation and ventilation
Often a sign of lung tissue disease resulting from small airway collapse, alveolar collapse, or
both
COMPLETE SOLUTIONS
Signs of poor perfusion Correct Answer: Temperature, AMS, Pulses, Skin (pale, mottling, and
cyanosis)
Adult pads on the AED Correct Answer: Use adult pads on victims 8 years of age and older
Initial impression assessment Correct Answer: Appearance: LOC, interactiveness, consolability,
look/gaze/stare/ and speech/cry
circulation: Skin color, petechiae or purport or visible bleeding wounds
work of breathing: including position, and any audible breath sounds, respiratory effort
Evaluate Correct Answer: If no life-threatening condition is present, evaluate the child's
condition by using the clinical assessment tool
Primary Assessment: ABCDE including vital signs
Primary Assessment Correct Answer: Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure
Evaluate Airway Correct Answer: To assess the airway, determine if is is patent: Look for
movement of the chest of abdomen, listen for air movement and breath sounds, feel for
movement of air at the nose and mouth
S/S Upper Airway obstruction Correct Answer: Increased inspiratory effort with retractions
Abnormal inspiratory sounds (snoring or high-pitches stridor)
Episodes where no airway or breath sounds are present despite respiratory effort (Complete
upper airway obstruction*
*If upper airway is obstructed, determine if you can open and maintain the airway with simple
measures or if you need advanced interventions
Simple measures to maintain the airway Correct Answer: Positioning: For responsive child
allow a position of comfort or elevate the head of the bed. For unresponsive child turn on side or
use a head told chin lift
Suctioning
Relief techniques for foreign-body airway obstruction
Airway Adjuncts: Oropharyngeal airway to keep the tongue from falling back and obstructing
the airway
, Relief techniques for foreign body airway obstruction: Abdominal thrusts and back slaps
Advanced Airway Interventions Correct Answer: Endotracheal intubation
Laryngoscopy
Cricothyrotomy
Assessment of breathing Correct Answer: Respiratory rate and pattern
Respiratory effort
Chest expansion and air movement
Lung and airway sounds
Oxygen saturation and pulse ox
Normal respiratory rate Correct Answer: Infant: 30-53
Toddler: 22-37
Preschool:20-28
School-aged child: 18-25
Adolescent: 12-20
Causes of bradypnea Correct Answer: Respiratory muscle fatigue
Central nervous system injury
Severe hypoxia
Severe shock
Hypothermia
Drugs that depress the respiratory drive
Some muscle diseases that cause muscle weakness
Increased respiratory effort Correct Answer: Nasal flaring
Retractions
Head bobbing or seesaw respirations
Locations of retractions Correct Answer: Mild to moderate: subcostal, substernal, intercostal
Severe: supraclavicular, suprasternal, sternal
Stridor Correct Answer: a coarse, usually higher-pitched breathing sound typically heard on
inspiration
Sign of upper airway obstruction
Grunting Correct Answer: typically a short, low-pitched sound heard during expiration.
Attempt to optimize oxygenation and ventilation
Often a sign of lung tissue disease resulting from small airway collapse, alveolar collapse, or
both
