ethical considerations informed
:
Methods: Quasi experiment
Techniques: MRI YYfht.ua , → potential Naum
Maguire
( stuns , claustrophobia , peoplewith
Localization
Neuroplasticity et al ( 2000) *sohu.it#iibmoaameoFounw
Knowing beforehand ensures
.
participate
to not
opportunity
.
Aim :
to
compare brain structure
people with extensive
in
nouigational skills ( London taxi drivers) and controls .
Participants :
night handed male
• 16 drivers The
-
average
taxi
.
driving experience ( as a taxi driver ) was the 3 .
years .
Control handed
50
healthy
'
male
night
•
group
-
:
who did
subjects not derive ataxi .
Method quasi experiment ( comparison of two pne
: .
-
-
existing guoups ) .
correlational
•
study in the part where during
volume
experience was combated with grey matter
• MPI was used to measure the variables .
Procedure
structural MRI
obtained
: • swans were
and
compound between drivers and
non
-
drivers .
correlated
years ofdriving experience was taxi
•
with the results
of MRI soars .
Results taxi drivers had increased matter
guy
: •
volume in the
postilion hippocampus , compared
to control
control
group .
had increased
quo up subjects
•
guy
,matter volume in the antoniou
hippocampus .
• conurbation between the
years taxi of driving taxi
and
matter volume : the
guy tongue dude
they a
,
the
(
lounger the volume of
arteriole )
posterior hippocampus
vice versa
fou .
redistribution
of grey matter occurred in the
hippocampus of taxi duiveus fuom anterior to ,
posteriori .
Conclusion nudistuibution of matter in the
grey
:
hippocampus of in taxi devious
uesponse
to
(gaining
navigational experience .
involved
the
posterior hippocampus is known to be
information
in
using previously learned
spatial
while the anterior
, hippocampus known is
to be ues
passible foie banning spatial info ) new
Limitations : . observed
only males .
small
•
sample
influence debate did
nature nurture the
driving
• vs :
the
changelead
hippocampus did
in the
langue them to become
,
ou
oluiueu ?
hippocampus a taxi
data ueceived
Strengths : .
quantitative .
•
allowed to understand that the hippocampus is
one theof pants of the brain that stones memo-
my .
,Techniques: MRI
Localization
Dragonski et al 12004)
Neuroplasticity
Aim whether stuuctuual
the buain
: to
investigate
would
changes in
occur in
response
to
puocctising a
simple juggling routine .
Participants : a self selected sample of
- volunteers with
no
prion experience of juggling .
Method experiment ; mixed
:
design .
Procedure the divided into two
:
sample was
randomly
guo ups
:
1)
Jugglers Spent three months learning
.
classic a
juggling routine with three balls
followed by three
months in which instructed to
they stop were
pwac¥s%ntuol
jugglers
Three bwain
practised juggling ( non -
( MRI)
) : never .
scans were
performed in both
groups
:
e) before the stout of the experiment .
a) one after three months .
3) one after six months .
Results : . there were no differences in brain structures
between and
jugglers non -
jugglers before the experiment .
after three months of puaetise the had
•
,
jugglers
significantly moue
guy
matter in the mid temporal
-
, ( these
responsible
owed in both
hemispheres are known to be
foie coordination of movement) .
•
after six months ( three months of non practise) -
the differences decreased , however , the still
had moue
jugglers
matter in these areas than at the
guy
first brain scan .
Conclusion matter in the buain in
guy gnaws
:
) and
learning
uesponse to
shrinks
environmental demands
the absence of stimulation (lack of
(
practise
in
) This shows that there is a cause effect
relationship
-
.
between and brown structure
leavening .
,Localization
Broca ( 1861 )
" "
Ethical considerations
Tan anonimity
( " Tan ) lost the
Context Louis Lebo to
ability
"
engine
:
speak when he was 30 He uetaineol all other .
functions however
communicate back
, ,
could not
he could
speak ;
when
" trying
"
to
,
only say tan .
Broca described Tan's
Broca 's
findings Broca :
( loss
condition
now known
arspeech aphasia
ticulated of as 's
) .
Later puocvduue when Tan died 51
:
connived out which revealed a
,
an
autopsy
of his buain was
lesion in the owed of the
fuontal hemisphere
left
( posterior inferior fuontod gyms → Buona's area )
Conclusion that articulation
controlled
:
suggests speech is
by left fuontal lobe .
Ethical considerations : ano
nimiety and confidentiality .
, Technique: fMRI
Method: experiment
Neurotransmitter: dopamine
Fisher ,
Avon and Broun ( 2005)
Aim neural mechanisms
of
:
investigate
romantic love
to
.
10 women 4- men
← ,
17
Participants participants who
"
in with
love
"
: were
21 and
intensely
mean
someone ; mean
age
duration
of being in love -
4- months .
Method experiment repeated measures
design
:
, .
Variables measured in
fMRI scans .
Puouoluue :
participants were
placed
fMRI and in a
went
through the
following four steps (uepeateol
four times) :
e)
30s
viewing photograph a
of the
person they love -
a) filter activity-40s
3) photo of emotionally mutual
viewing 30s
a
acquaintance -
a) filler activity to 20s
-
Biuain responses the picture of a loved one
and a mutual acquaintance were compared .
Results
activation
:
specific pattern of
there was a
the brain
in
response to the photographs in
of the loved Activation
especially
prominent
ones .
was
the ventral
dopamine rich
in areas
tag
-
-
:
:
Methods: Quasi experiment
Techniques: MRI YYfht.ua , → potential Naum
Maguire
( stuns , claustrophobia , peoplewith
Localization
Neuroplasticity et al ( 2000) *sohu.it#iibmoaameoFounw
Knowing beforehand ensures
.
participate
to not
opportunity
.
Aim :
to
compare brain structure
people with extensive
in
nouigational skills ( London taxi drivers) and controls .
Participants :
night handed male
• 16 drivers The
-
average
taxi
.
driving experience ( as a taxi driver ) was the 3 .
years .
Control handed
50
healthy
'
male
night
•
group
-
:
who did
subjects not derive ataxi .
Method quasi experiment ( comparison of two pne
: .
-
-
existing guoups ) .
correlational
•
study in the part where during
volume
experience was combated with grey matter
• MPI was used to measure the variables .
Procedure
structural MRI
obtained
: • swans were
and
compound between drivers and
non
-
drivers .
correlated
years ofdriving experience was taxi
•
with the results
of MRI soars .
Results taxi drivers had increased matter
guy
: •
volume in the
postilion hippocampus , compared
to control
control
group .
had increased
quo up subjects
•
guy
,matter volume in the antoniou
hippocampus .
• conurbation between the
years taxi of driving taxi
and
matter volume : the
guy tongue dude
they a
,
the
(
lounger the volume of
arteriole )
posterior hippocampus
vice versa
fou .
redistribution
of grey matter occurred in the
hippocampus of taxi duiveus fuom anterior to ,
posteriori .
Conclusion nudistuibution of matter in the
grey
:
hippocampus of in taxi devious
uesponse
to
(gaining
navigational experience .
involved
the
posterior hippocampus is known to be
information
in
using previously learned
spatial
while the anterior
, hippocampus known is
to be ues
passible foie banning spatial info ) new
Limitations : . observed
only males .
small
•
sample
influence debate did
nature nurture the
driving
• vs :
the
changelead
hippocampus did
in the
langue them to become
,
ou
oluiueu ?
hippocampus a taxi
data ueceived
Strengths : .
quantitative .
•
allowed to understand that the hippocampus is
one theof pants of the brain that stones memo-
my .
,Techniques: MRI
Localization
Dragonski et al 12004)
Neuroplasticity
Aim whether stuuctuual
the buain
: to
investigate
would
changes in
occur in
response
to
puocctising a
simple juggling routine .
Participants : a self selected sample of
- volunteers with
no
prion experience of juggling .
Method experiment ; mixed
:
design .
Procedure the divided into two
:
sample was
randomly
guo ups
:
1)
Jugglers Spent three months learning
.
classic a
juggling routine with three balls
followed by three
months in which instructed to
they stop were
pwac¥s%ntuol
jugglers
Three bwain
practised juggling ( non -
( MRI)
) : never .
scans were
performed in both
groups
:
e) before the stout of the experiment .
a) one after three months .
3) one after six months .
Results : . there were no differences in brain structures
between and
jugglers non -
jugglers before the experiment .
after three months of puaetise the had
•
,
jugglers
significantly moue
guy
matter in the mid temporal
-
, ( these
responsible
owed in both
hemispheres are known to be
foie coordination of movement) .
•
after six months ( three months of non practise) -
the differences decreased , however , the still
had moue
jugglers
matter in these areas than at the
guy
first brain scan .
Conclusion matter in the buain in
guy gnaws
:
) and
learning
uesponse to
shrinks
environmental demands
the absence of stimulation (lack of
(
practise
in
) This shows that there is a cause effect
relationship
-
.
between and brown structure
leavening .
,Localization
Broca ( 1861 )
" "
Ethical considerations
Tan anonimity
( " Tan ) lost the
Context Louis Lebo to
ability
"
engine
:
speak when he was 30 He uetaineol all other .
functions however
communicate back
, ,
could not
he could
speak ;
when
" trying
"
to
,
only say tan .
Broca described Tan's
Broca 's
findings Broca :
( loss
condition
now known
arspeech aphasia
ticulated of as 's
) .
Later puocvduue when Tan died 51
:
connived out which revealed a
,
an
autopsy
of his buain was
lesion in the owed of the
fuontal hemisphere
left
( posterior inferior fuontod gyms → Buona's area )
Conclusion that articulation
controlled
:
suggests speech is
by left fuontal lobe .
Ethical considerations : ano
nimiety and confidentiality .
, Technique: fMRI
Method: experiment
Neurotransmitter: dopamine
Fisher ,
Avon and Broun ( 2005)
Aim neural mechanisms
of
:
investigate
romantic love
to
.
10 women 4- men
← ,
17
Participants participants who
"
in with
love
"
: were
21 and
intensely
mean
someone ; mean
age
duration
of being in love -
4- months .
Method experiment repeated measures
design
:
, .
Variables measured in
fMRI scans .
Puouoluue :
participants were
placed
fMRI and in a
went
through the
following four steps (uepeateol
four times) :
e)
30s
viewing photograph a
of the
person they love -
a) filter activity-40s
3) photo of emotionally mutual
viewing 30s
a
acquaintance -
a) filler activity to 20s
-
Biuain responses the picture of a loved one
and a mutual acquaintance were compared .
Results
activation
:
specific pattern of
there was a
the brain
in
response to the photographs in
of the loved Activation
especially
prominent
ones .
was
the ventral
dopamine rich
in areas
tag
-
-
:
