Clinical Psychology (EPPP)| 202 QUESTIONS| WITH
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Clinical Psychology Correct Answer: - the study, diagnosis, and treatment of
psychological and behavioral disorders
Assumptions of Psychodynamic Therapies Correct Answer: - human behavior is
motivated by unconscious processes
- early development has a profound effect on adult functioning
- universal principles explain personality development and behavior
- insight into unconscious processes is a key component of therapy
Freudian Psychoanalysis Correct Answer: - human beings are determined by irrational
forces, unconscious motivations, biological and instinctual needs and drives, and
psychosexual events that occur during the first five years of life
Freud's Personality Theory Correct Answer: - composed of two theories: structural
(drive) theory and developmental theory
Structural Theory
(Freud) Correct Answer: - the personality is composed of three structures: the id, ego,
and superego
Id Correct Answer: - present at birth and consists of the person's life and death instincts
- operates on pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification of its instinctual drives
in order to avoid tension
Ego Correct Answer: - develops at six months of age
- operates ont eh reality principle that defers gratifcation until an appropriate object is
available in reality and employs thinking
- mediates conflicting demands of pleasure and reality
Superego Correct Answer: - develops between four and five years
- represents an internalization of society's values and standards
- attempts to permanently block socially unacceptable drives
Developmental Theory
(Freud) Correct Answer: - emphasizes the sexual drives of the id and proposes that an
individual's personality is formed during childhood as a result of certain experiences
during psychosexual stages of development
- over or undergratification of a person's sexual needs during a stage is associated with
different personality outcomes
,Oral Stage Correct Answer: - Freud's first stage of personality development, from birth
to about age 2, during which the instincts of infants are focused on the mouth as the
primary pleasure center.
Anal Stage Correct Answer: - Freud's second stage of psychosexual development where
the primary sexual focus is on the elimination or holding onto feces. The stage is often
thought of as representing a child's ability to control his or her own world.
Phallic Stage Correct Answer: - Freud's third stage of personality development, from
about age 4 through age 7, during which children obtain gratification primarily from the
genitals.
Latency Stage Correct Answer: - Freud's fourth stage of psychosexual development
where sexuality is repressed in the unconscious and children focus on identifying with
their same sex parent and interact with same sex peers.
Genital Stage Correct Answer: - Freud's last stage of personality development, from the
onset of puberty through adulthood, during which the sexual conflicts of childhood
resurface (at puberty) and are often resolved during adolescence).
Defense Mechanisms Correct Answer: - occur when the ego is unable to ward off danger
through rational, realistic means
- these operate on an unconscious level and deny or distort reality
(danger or anxiety helps alert the ego to impending threats, such as conflict between the
id and the superego)
Repression Correct Answer: - defense mechanism in which id's drives are excluded from
conscious awareness by maintaining them in the unconscious
Reaction Formation Correct Answer: - defense mechanism in which one avoids an
anxiety evoking instict by doing the opposite
View of Psychopathology
(Freudian) Correct Answer: - maladaptive behavior results from an unconscious,
unresolved conflict that occurred during childhood
Psychoanalytic Therapy Correct Answer: - goal is to reduce symptoms by bringing the
unconscious into conscious awareness and integrating previously repressed material into
the personality
- use free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences to confront, clarify,
interpret, and work through
, Free Associations Correct Answer: - a method in psychotherapy where a patient is
encouraged to sit back, relax, free his/her mind, refrain from trying to be logical, and
report every image or idea that enters his/her awareness, usually in response to some
word or picture that the therapist provides as an initial stimulus
Psychic Determinism Correct Answer: - belief that all behaviors are meaningful and
serve some psychological function
- ex slips of tongue (parapraxes) are expressions of unconscious motives
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Confrontation Correct Answer: - making statements that help the client see her behavior
in a new way
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Clarification Correct Answer: - restating the client's remarks and feelings in clearer
terms
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Interpretation Correct Answer: - more explicitly connecting current behavior to
unconscious processes
- more effective when they address motives and conflicts that are close to consciousness
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Working Through Correct Answer: - following cathartic release of recalling unconscious
materials that contribute to behavior, client gradually assimilates new insights into his
personality
- longest stage of therapy
Transference Correct Answer: - patient's response to the therapist's actual behavior and
attempt to imbue that behavior with personal meaning
Countertransference Correct Answer: - not just the therapist's distorted response to the
patient, but a potential source of information about the patient and contributor to the
curative process
Assumptions of Alder's Individual Psychology Correct Answer: - disagreed with
emphasis on role of unconscious instinctual forces
- states all behavior is goal directed and purposeful
- behavior is largely motivated by a person's future goals rather than past events
Alder's Individual Psychology:
Inferiority Correct Answer: - develops during childhood as the result of real or percieved
biological, psychological, or social weakness
COMPLETE SOLUTION
Clinical Psychology Correct Answer: - the study, diagnosis, and treatment of
psychological and behavioral disorders
Assumptions of Psychodynamic Therapies Correct Answer: - human behavior is
motivated by unconscious processes
- early development has a profound effect on adult functioning
- universal principles explain personality development and behavior
- insight into unconscious processes is a key component of therapy
Freudian Psychoanalysis Correct Answer: - human beings are determined by irrational
forces, unconscious motivations, biological and instinctual needs and drives, and
psychosexual events that occur during the first five years of life
Freud's Personality Theory Correct Answer: - composed of two theories: structural
(drive) theory and developmental theory
Structural Theory
(Freud) Correct Answer: - the personality is composed of three structures: the id, ego,
and superego
Id Correct Answer: - present at birth and consists of the person's life and death instincts
- operates on pleasure principle and seeks immediate gratification of its instinctual drives
in order to avoid tension
Ego Correct Answer: - develops at six months of age
- operates ont eh reality principle that defers gratifcation until an appropriate object is
available in reality and employs thinking
- mediates conflicting demands of pleasure and reality
Superego Correct Answer: - develops between four and five years
- represents an internalization of society's values and standards
- attempts to permanently block socially unacceptable drives
Developmental Theory
(Freud) Correct Answer: - emphasizes the sexual drives of the id and proposes that an
individual's personality is formed during childhood as a result of certain experiences
during psychosexual stages of development
- over or undergratification of a person's sexual needs during a stage is associated with
different personality outcomes
,Oral Stage Correct Answer: - Freud's first stage of personality development, from birth
to about age 2, during which the instincts of infants are focused on the mouth as the
primary pleasure center.
Anal Stage Correct Answer: - Freud's second stage of psychosexual development where
the primary sexual focus is on the elimination or holding onto feces. The stage is often
thought of as representing a child's ability to control his or her own world.
Phallic Stage Correct Answer: - Freud's third stage of personality development, from
about age 4 through age 7, during which children obtain gratification primarily from the
genitals.
Latency Stage Correct Answer: - Freud's fourth stage of psychosexual development
where sexuality is repressed in the unconscious and children focus on identifying with
their same sex parent and interact with same sex peers.
Genital Stage Correct Answer: - Freud's last stage of personality development, from the
onset of puberty through adulthood, during which the sexual conflicts of childhood
resurface (at puberty) and are often resolved during adolescence).
Defense Mechanisms Correct Answer: - occur when the ego is unable to ward off danger
through rational, realistic means
- these operate on an unconscious level and deny or distort reality
(danger or anxiety helps alert the ego to impending threats, such as conflict between the
id and the superego)
Repression Correct Answer: - defense mechanism in which id's drives are excluded from
conscious awareness by maintaining them in the unconscious
Reaction Formation Correct Answer: - defense mechanism in which one avoids an
anxiety evoking instict by doing the opposite
View of Psychopathology
(Freudian) Correct Answer: - maladaptive behavior results from an unconscious,
unresolved conflict that occurred during childhood
Psychoanalytic Therapy Correct Answer: - goal is to reduce symptoms by bringing the
unconscious into conscious awareness and integrating previously repressed material into
the personality
- use free associations, dreams, resistances, and transferences to confront, clarify,
interpret, and work through
, Free Associations Correct Answer: - a method in psychotherapy where a patient is
encouraged to sit back, relax, free his/her mind, refrain from trying to be logical, and
report every image or idea that enters his/her awareness, usually in response to some
word or picture that the therapist provides as an initial stimulus
Psychic Determinism Correct Answer: - belief that all behaviors are meaningful and
serve some psychological function
- ex slips of tongue (parapraxes) are expressions of unconscious motives
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Confrontation Correct Answer: - making statements that help the client see her behavior
in a new way
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Clarification Correct Answer: - restating the client's remarks and feelings in clearer
terms
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Interpretation Correct Answer: - more explicitly connecting current behavior to
unconscious processes
- more effective when they address motives and conflicts that are close to consciousness
Psychoanalytic Therapy:
Working Through Correct Answer: - following cathartic release of recalling unconscious
materials that contribute to behavior, client gradually assimilates new insights into his
personality
- longest stage of therapy
Transference Correct Answer: - patient's response to the therapist's actual behavior and
attempt to imbue that behavior with personal meaning
Countertransference Correct Answer: - not just the therapist's distorted response to the
patient, but a potential source of information about the patient and contributor to the
curative process
Assumptions of Alder's Individual Psychology Correct Answer: - disagreed with
emphasis on role of unconscious instinctual forces
- states all behavior is goal directed and purposeful
- behavior is largely motivated by a person's future goals rather than past events
Alder's Individual Psychology:
Inferiority Correct Answer: - develops during childhood as the result of real or percieved
biological, psychological, or social weakness
