OpenStax Microbiology Test Bank Chapter 6: Acellular Pathogens

Chapter 6: Acellular Pathogens * = Correct answer Multiple Choice 1. Which of the following is not a property of a virus? A. It is an infectious cellular pathogen.* B. It is an obligate intracellular pathogen. C. Its genome consists of DNA or RNA. D. Its genome is surrounded by a protein capsid. Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 10, 13 2. Which of the following is the scientist responsible for first discovering viruses (specifically, tobacco mosaic virus)? A. Dimitri Ivanovski* B. Edward Jenner C. Henrietta Lacks D. Stanley Prusiner Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A TESTBANKSELLER.COM 3. The protein subunits that surround the nucleic acid of a virus are known as which of the following? A. amino acids B. capsomeres* C. chromatins D. telomeres Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: N/A 4. Arthropods typically serve as which mechanism of transmission for viruses? A. biological vector* B. fomite C. mechanical vector D. both as fomites and as vectors Difficulty: Medium ASM Standard: 10, 13, 23 5. Which unit of length best describes the average size of a virion? A. mm B. µm C. nm* D. pm Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 6 6. Viruses can be visualized using which method? A. compound light microscope B. electron microscope* C. the naked eye D. ultraviolet rays Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 6, 32, 36 7. The Baltimore Classification system describes viruses according to which characteristic? A. capsid shape B. host-cell susceptibility C. the presence or absence of an envelope D. the viral genome* Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 10 TESTBANKSELLER.COM 8. Which of the following properly lists (in order) the steps of viral replication? A. Attachment  Lysis  Penetration  Biosynthesis  Maturation B. Attachment  Penetration  Biosynthesis  Maturation  Lysis * C. Biosynthesis  Attachment  Penetration  Lysis  Maturation D. Penetration  Biosynthesis  Lysis  Attachment  Maturation Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 10 9. In the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophages, the integrated phage genome is known as which of the following? A. prophage* B. provirus C. virioid D. virion Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 10 10. In retroviruses, the integrated phage genome is known as which of the following? A. prophage B. provirus* C. virioid D. virion Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 10 11. Which mechanism of horizontal gene transfer relies on the use of viruses? A. conjugation B. mutation C. transduction* D. transformation Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 2, 4 12. A bacteriophage infects a host cell and the genome integrates itself into the host chromosome. Sometime later, the phage is excised along with a short piece of DNA adjacent to the insertion point. Both the phage DNA and the host DNA are packaged into the same capsid. The bacteriophage then infects a new cell, delivering both phage and bacterial DNA. Which process is being described in this scenario? A. The lysogenic cycle, reactivating as the lytic cycle, followed by generalized transduction B. The lysogenic cycle, reactTivEaStinTgBaAs NthKeSlyEtiLc LcyEcRle., fCoOlloMwed by specialized transduction* C. The lytic cycle, reactivating as the lysogenic cycle, followed by generalized transduction D. The lytic cycle, reactivating as the lysogenic cycle, followed by specialized transduction Difficulty: Medium ASM Standard: 2, 4, 10 13. (−)ssRNA is transcribed into (+)ssRNA using which of the following? A. DNA polymerase encoded by the host cell B. DNA polymerase encoded by the virus C. RNA polymerase encoded by the host cell D. RNA polymerase encoded by the virus* Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 16, 18 14. Which of the following is a novel enzyme found in retroviruses? A. forward transcriptase B. retrotranscriptase C. reverse transcriptase* D. Taq polymerase Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 16, 18, 26 15. Reverse transcriptase is used to generate which nucleic acid from RNA? A. cDNA* B. dsRNA C. (+)ssRNA D. (−)ssRNA Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 26 16. Which of the following is the host-cell receptor that recognizes human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)? A. CD4* B. CD8 C. Gp120 D. sialic acid Difficulty: Hard ASM Standard: 10 17. Which of the following viruses does not cause latent infections? A. adenovirus* B. Epstein-Barr virus C. herpes simplex virus D. varicella-zoster virus Difficulty: Medium ASM Standard: 23 TESTBANKSELLER.COM 18. Chicken pox can reemerge as which disease? A. cowpox B. genital warts C. shingles* D. smallpox Difficulty: Easy ASM Standard: 23 19. The excision of the viral genome from the host chromosome is known as which of the following? A. induction * B. lysogeny C. phage conversion D. trans